A review of the role of spatial resolution in energy systems modelling: lessons learned and applicability to the North Sea region

The importance of spatial resolution for energy modelling has increased in the last years. Incorporating more spatial resolution in energy models presents wide benefits, but it is not straightforward, as it might compromise their computational performance. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of spatial resolution in energy models,...

High-speed NMR imaging of capillary action in thin nontransparent porous media

An improved High-Speed NMR profiling method is introduced that enables to measure capillary action in thin, non-transparent porous media. Liquid profiles can be measured as fast as 10 ms with a spatial resolution of 14.5 µm. Capillary absorption of microliter-sized droplets into non-transparent nylon-6,6 porous membranes was studied. In nylon-6...

On the resolution of subsurface atomic force microscopy and its implications for subsurface feature sizing

One-Dimensional NMR Imaging of High-Temperature First-Drying in Monolithics

In this study a specialized high-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) setup is presented for measuring free moisture in monolithic refractory castables during one-sided heating (100–300 °C). This setup makes use of a high thermal-stability Birdcage-coil for measuring the quantitative moisture content at high-temperatures, while also...

ITER upper port wide angle viewing system optical design and performance analysis

The Upper port Wide Angle Viewing System (UWAVS) is diagnostic system that provides visible light and InfraRed images of the divertor area in the ITER tokamak. The main functions of the UWAVS are to provide divertor wall and plasma luminance and temperature distributions at high spatial resolution (3–5 mm) and frame rates (500–1000 Hz) for...

First aircraft test results of a compact, low cost hyperspectral imager for earth observation from space

In recent years TNO has investigated and developed different innovative opto-mechanical designs to realize advanced spectrometers for space applications in a more compact and cost-effective manner. This offers multiple advantages: a compact instrument can be flown on a much smaller platform or as add-on on a larger platform; a low-cost...

Compact spectrometers for earth observation

Driven by technology developments triggering end user’s attention, the market for nano-and micro satellites is developing rapidly. At present there is a strong focus on 2D imaging of the Earth’s surface, with limited possibilities to obtain high resolution spectral information. More demanding applications, such as monitoring trace gases,...

From ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) to tropospheric monitoring instrument (TROPOMI)

High-grade, compact spectrometers for Earth observation from SmallSats

The market for nano-and microsatellites is developing rapidly. There is a strong focus on 2D imaging of the Earth's surface, with limited possibilities to obtain spectral information. More demanding applications, such as monitoring trace gases, aerosols or water quality still require advanced imaging instruments, which are large, heavy and...

Calibrating a high-Esolution wavefront corrector with a static focal-Plane camera

We present a method to calibrate a high-resolution wavefront (WF)-correcting device with a single, static camera, located in the focal-plane; no moving of any component is needed. The method is based on a localized diversity and differential optical transfer functions to compute both the phase and amplitude in the pupil plane located upstream of...

Penetration dynamics of AP8 in thin ceramic tiles

The interaction of thin ceramic tiles with AP8 (WC core, 7,62 mm) at 1000 m/s velocity has been studied experimentally and numerically. “Thin” ceramic tiles refers here to ratio of the tile thickness (t) to the projectile diameter, (d), t/d@ 1, as they are both in the same order. The method applied to visualize the penetration dynamics has been...

Moisture transport in coated wood

Moisture accumulation inside wood causes favorable conditions for decay. Application of a coating alters the moisture sorption of wood and prevents accumulation of moisture. This paper presents the results of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study on the influence of a coating on the moisture absorption of wood. NMR allows to determine both...

Photoluminescence of conjugated polymer blends at the nanoscale

Here we report on a combined photoluminescence and morphological study of a polymer-polymer blend composed of a copolymer of derivatives of polyspirobifluorene and polyfluorene (PBFF) and a derivative of polyphenylene vinylene (MDMO-PPV). Evidence of partial Förster energy transfer from PBFF to MDMO-PPV is revealed by steady-state and time...

PDR status for TROPOMI, the sentinel 5 Precursor instrument for air quality and climate observations

The Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) is being developed for launch in 2014 on GMES Sentinel 5 Precursor satellite. Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) is a joint initiative of the European Community (EC) and of the European Space Agency (ESA). TROPOMI is a passive sun backscatter spectrograph using the ultraviolet...

Visualizing the Limits of Low Vision in Detecting Natural Image Features

Purpose. The purpose of our study was to develop a tool to visualize the limitations posed by visual impairments in detecting small and low-contrast elements in natural images. This visualization tool incorporates existing models of several aspects of visual perception, such as the band-limited contrast model of Peli (J Opt Soc Am A 1996;13:1131...

A European daily high-resolution gridded data set of surface temperature and precipitation for 1950-2006

We present a European land-only daily high-resolution gridded data set for precipitation and minimum, maximum, and mean surface temperature for the period 1950-2006. This data set improves on previous products in its spatial resolution and extent, time period, number of contributing stations, and attention to finding the most appropriate method...

Enhancement of diffusers BRDF accuracy

Status and developments in EOSTAR, a model to predict IR sensor performance in the marine environment

The application of long-range infrared observation systems is challenging, especially with the currently available high spatial resolution infrared camera systems with resolutions comparable with their visual counterparts. As a result of these developments, the obtained infrared images are no longer limited by the quality of system but by...