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Deurloo, J.A. (author), van Gameren-Oosterom, H.B.M. (author), Kamphuis, M. (author)There is a high incidence of skin disorders; these are also frequently encountered within Youth Healthcare (YHC). Some skin disorders are caused by an underlying disease, syndrome or child abuse. Therefore, detection of these causes in an early stage is important. Skin disorders can have a huge psychosocial impact on both child and parents. This...article 2012
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Reus, A.A. (author), Usta, M. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author)As a result of the chemical legislation concerning the registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals (REACH), and the Seventh Amendment to the Cosmetics Directive, which prohibits animal testing in Europe for cosmetics, alternative methods for safety evaluation of chemicals are urgently needed. Current in vitro...article 2012
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Höfer, T. (author), James, D. (author), Syversen, T. (author), Bowmer, T. (author)Data on acute lethal inhalation toxicity from animal studies are commonly required for assessing the hazards to human health of volatile, gaseous and dusty chemicals or their mixtures. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) made the provision of acute inhalation toxicity data a mandatory requirement for the carriage of bulk liquid...article 2011
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van Gils, R.F. (author), Boot, C.R.L. (author), van Gils, P.F. (author), Bruynzeel, D. (author), Coenraads, P.J. (author), van Mechelen, W. (author), Riphagen, I.I. (author), Anema, J.R. (author)Hand dermatitis is a prevalent disease with an episodic, chronic character. The use of medical resources is high and is often related to reduced (work) functioning. The burden is therefore high for patients and society. Management of hand dermatitis is often unsatisfactory, and for this reason prevention is important. The effectiveness of...article 2011
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Schaafsma, G. (author), Hertsenberg, A.J. (author), Marquart, J. (author)Within the framework of REACH, an assessment regarding local dermal effects and skin sensitisation should be performed for substances. Quantitative hazard information for these effects is often not available. Furthermore, it is difficult to relate the way in which animals are exposed in dermal toxicity studies directly to dermal exposure in...article 2011
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Neerincx, M.A. (author), Kallen, V.L. (author), Brouwer, A.-M. (author), van der Leer, L. (author), ten Brinke, M. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Recent research shows that Virtual Reality (VR) exposure or bio-neuro feedback can help professionals to cope with possibly traumatic events. This paper presents a neuro-bio VR system that combines both methods in order to further improve the prevention and therapy of trauma-related disorders. This system can harmonize the VR exposure to user's...conference paper 2010
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van Wijk, E.P.A. (author), Wijk, R.V. (author), Bajpai, R.P. (author), van der Greef, J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Photon signals emitted spontaneously from dorsal and palm sides of both hands were recorded using 6000 time windows of size T=50. ms in 50 healthy human subjects. These photon signals demonstrated universal behaviour by variance and mean. The data sets for larger time windows up to T=50. s were obtained by merging the data recorded with T=50. ms...article 2010
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van der Heide, E. (author), Lossie, C.M. (author), Papen-Botterhuis, N.E. (author), Reinders, S.A.F. (author), Lenting, H.B.M. (author)The effect of binding decamethyl-cyclopentasiloxane (silicone oil) to polymeric coating structures based on polyacrylic acid grafted with poly(ethylene glycol), Wacker 1100, Wacker 1650 or poly(dimethylsiloxane) is discussed and compared with the tribological test results for the water or dodecane lubricated situation. Friction was measured at...conference paper 2010
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Buist, H.E. (author), van Burgsteden, J.A. (author), Freidig, A.P. (author), Maas, W.J.M. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Most QSARs for dermal absorption predict the permeability coefficient, K<sub>p</sub>, of a molecule, which is valid for infinite dose conditions. In practice, dermal exposure mostly occurs under finite dose conditions. Therefore, a simple model to predict finite dose dermal absorption from infinite dose data (K<sub>p</sub> and lag time) and the...article 2010
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van Triel, J.J. (author), Arts, J.H. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Previously, the contact allergen dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was identified as a sensitizer by inhalation in BALB/c mice; in addition, DNCB induced a lymphocytic infiltrate in the larynx of dermally sensitized Th1-prone Wistar rats upon a single inhalation challenge. In the present study, repeated inhalation exposures to DNCB were investigated...article 2010
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Vos, P.A.J.M. (author), de Groot, J. (author), Huisman, A.M. (author), Oostveen, J.C.M. (author), Marijnissen, A.C.A. (author), Bijlsma, J.W.J. (author), van El, B. (author), Zuurmond, A.M. (author), Lafeber, F.P.J.G. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objectives: Age-related changes in articular cartilage are likely to play a role in the aetiology of osteoarthritis (OA). One of the major age-related changes in cartilage is the accumulation of advanced-glycation-endproducts (AGEs). Since, cartilage tissue is not readily available from patients for studying AGE levels, alternative approaches...article 2010
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Oranje, A.P. (author), Verbeek, R. (author), Verzaal, P. (author), Haspels, I. (author), Prens, E. (author), Nagelkerken, L. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: Wet-wrap treatment (WWT) with diluted topical steroids is widely used in atopic dermatitis (AD). Mice with transgenic overexpression of human apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) in the liver and the skin are not only characterized by hyperlipidaemia and raised IgE levels, but also by pruritic dermatitis and a disturbed skin barrier function,...article 2009
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Mikhnenko, O.V. (author), Cordella, F. (author), Sieval, A.B. (author), Hummelen, J.C. (author), Blom, P.W.M. (author), Loi, M.A. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)Polymer-fullerene bilayer heterostructures are suited to study excitonic processes in conjugated polymers. Excitons are efficiently quenched at the polymer-fullerene interface, whereas the polymer-vacuum interface is often considered as an exciton-reflecting interface. Here, we report about efficient exciton quenching close to the polymer-vacuum...article 2009
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Berger, M.A.M. (author), Krul, A. (author), Daanen, H.A.M. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Finger dexterity tests are generally used to assess performance decrease due to gloves, cold and pathology. It is generally assumed that the OConnor and Purdue Pegboard test yield similar results. In this experiment we compared these two tests for dry conditions without gloves, and for dry and wet conditions with two types of Nytril gloves. In...article 2009
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Daanen, H.A.M. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Reactie op: Flouris, et al. Effect of body temperature on cold induced vasodilationa. Eur J Applied Phys 2008;104:491-499. De aurteurs hebben daar weer een reply op geschreven; Flouris AD, Cheung SS (2009) Authors’ response to H. Daanen’s ‘cold-induced vasodilation’ letter. Eur J Appl Physiol 106:317– 319article 2009
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Langenberg, J.P. (author), Spruit, W.E.T. (author), Kuijpers, W.C. (author), Mars, R.H. (author), van Helden, H.P.M. (author), van der Schans, G.P. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)ln order to provide a quantitative basis for pretreatment and therapy of intoxications with sulfur mustard the toxicokinetics of this agent as well as its major DNA-adducts are being studied in male hairless guinea pigs for the intravenous, respiratory and percutaneous routes. A highly sensitive method for bioanalysis of the intact agent in...bookPart 2009
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de Jong, W.H. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author), de Klerk, A. (author), Schijf, M.A. (author), Ezendam, J. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)There are currently no validated animal models that can identify low molecular weight (LMW) respiratory sensitizers. The Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) is a validated animal model developed to detect contact sensitizers using skin exposure, but all LMW respiratory sensitizers tested so far were also positive in this assay. Discrimination between...article 2009
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Buist, H.E. (author), Schaafsma, G. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Quantification of skin absorption is an essential step in reducing the uncertainty of dermal risk assessment. Data from literature indicate that the relative dermal absorption of substances is dependent on dermal loading. Therefore, an internal exposure calculated with absorption data determined at a dermal loading not comparable to the actual...article 2009
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Schaafsma, G. (author), Kroese, E.D. (author), Tielemans, E.L.J.P. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), van Leeuwen, C.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The objectives of REACH cannot be achieved under the current risk assessment approach. A change in mind set among all the relevant stakeholders is needed: risk assessment should move away from a labor-intensive and animal-consuming approach to intelligent and pragmatic testing, by combining exposure and hazard data effectively and trying to...article 2009
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Bröde, P. (author), Havenith, G. (author), Wang, X. (author), Candas, V. (author), den Hartog, E.A. (author), Griefahn, B. (author), Holmér, I. (author), Kuklane, K. (author), Meinander, H. (author), Nocker, W. (author), Richards, M. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)In order to assess the non-evaporative components of the reduced thermal insulation of wet clothing, experiments were performed with a manikin and with human subjects in which two layers of underwear separated by an impermeable barrier were worn under an impermeable overgarment at 20°C, 80% RH and 0.5 ms-1 air velocity. By comparing manikin...article 2008