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Medisch Biologisch Laboratorium TNO (author), Brouwer, D.H. (author), Brouwer, R. (author), de Mik, G. (author), Maas, C.L. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author)Respiratory exposure and dermal exposure of the hands and forearms to the pesticides chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, and zineb during application and during crop activities have been measured on 18 farms for carnation culture in glass-covered greenhouses in the Netherlands. Farms were selected according to a 'worst case' strategy...article 1992
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Medisch Biologisch Laboratorium TNO (author), Jongen, M.J.M. (author), Engel, R. (author), Leenheers, L.H. (author)An HPLC method was developed for estimation of dermal exposure of greenhouse workers to the pesticide bupirimate. Chromatography was performed on a cyano-modified silica column with methanol-water (6:4 by volume) containing 5 g/L ammonium sulfate as eluent. UV detection at 310 nm was used for quantitation. Dermal exposure was assessed by letting...article 1992
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Daanen, H.A.M. (author), van de Linde, F.J.G. (author)Four noninvasive rewarming techniques for mildly hypothermic subjects were compared. Seven subjects were cooled in a water bath of 15°C for 2 h to an average esophageal temperature (Tes) of 36°C. Thereafter, the subjects were rewarmed by immersion of the body in a water bath of 42°C (Method 1), the body but not the extremities in water of 42°C ...article 1992
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Jongen, M.J.M. (author), Engel, R. (author), Leenheers, L.H. (author), Medisch Biologisch Laboratorium TNO (author)As part of a survey of occupational exposure to pesticides in greenhouses for growing ornamentals, analytical methods were developed and validated for the measurement of exposure of workers to the pesticide abamectin. Abamectin consists of a mixture of avermectin-B1a and avermectin-B1b, which are members of a class of fermentation products of...article 1991
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Medisch Biologisch Laboratorium TNO (author), Mol, M.A.E. (author), de Vries, R. (author), Kluivers, A.W. (author)Blister formation due to sulfur mustard (HD) exposure was studied in an ex vivo human skin model. Pieces of fresh human skin were exposed to HD vapor and subsequently incubated in medium for 48 hr. During this culture period cellular NAD+ levels and uptake of glucose from the medium decreased relative to the duration of the exposure to HD. In...article 1991
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Medisch Biologisch Laboratorium TNO (author), Mol, M.A.E. (author), Nanninga, P.B. (author), van Eendenburg, J.P. (author), Westerhof, W. (author), Mekkes, J.R. (author), van Ginkel, C.J.W. (author)Skin equivalents that consisted of a noncontracted collagen gel populated with allogeneic fibroblasts and covered with autologous cultured keratinocytes were used for grafting venous leg ulcers. The results were compared in the same patient with those obtained with a routinely used standard method of grafting with autologous full-thickness punch...article 1991
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Rutten, A.A.J.J.L. (author), Bequet-Passelecq, B.G.A.G.G. (author), Koeter, H.B.W.M. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)A new method was developed for rabbit skin organ culture. In a two-compartment model, skin discs were cultured on a Millicell-HA insert unit with a microporous membrane which allows transport of culture medium via the dermis into the epidermis, whereas the epidermal side remains free of direct contact with culture medium. In this relatively...article 1990
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Havenith, G. (author), Heus, R. (author), Lotens, W.A. (author)Using the trace gas diffusion method, the vapour resistance of three clothing ensembles (two permeable and one impermeable) was determined for four subjects, sitting, standing or walking at 0.3 and 0.9 m/s, combined with three wind speeds of <0.15, 0.7 and 4.1 m/s. Sitting increased vapour resistance by 12-36%, whereas walking and wind decreased...article 1990
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Holewijn, M. (author)In an experimental study of load carrying the effects of mass (0, 5.4, 10.4 kg) and the type of support (on the shoulder or on waist) on parameters of physiological strain were quantified to determine the factor(s) which limit carrying time. Four categories of strain were investigated: metabolic (in terms of oxygen uptake), cardiovascular (in...article 1990
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Havenith, G. (author), van Middendorp, H. (author)An experiment was set up to quantify the relative influence of fitness, acclimatization, gender and anthropometric measures on physiological responses to heat stress. For this purpose, 12 male and 12 female subjects were exposed to a neutral [ambient temperature (T(a)) 21°C, relative humidity (r.h. 50%)], a warm, humid (T(a) 34°C, r.h. 80%) and...article 1990
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Medisch Biologisch Laboratorium TNO (author), Mol, M.A.E. (author), van de Ruit, A.M.B.C. (author), Kluivers, A.W. (author)In cultured human epidermal cells exposure to the vesicant sulfur mustard (HD) causes a decrease of the NAD+ content, which depends on the dose and the time period between exposure to HD and NAD+ measurement. Presumably, this NAD+ loss is due to activation of the enzyme NAD:protein ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) and may lead to glycolysis...article 1989
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van Hinsbergh, V.W.M. (author), Sprengers, E.D. (author), Kooistra, T. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)Human foreskin microvascular endothelial cells synthesize and release tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in similar amounts as do endothelial cells from umbilical cord artery and vein. Human thrombin increases the production of t-PA by these cells, which could be visualized from 8 h after addition of 0.1-5 units/ml thrombin by fibrin...article 1987
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Vriesendorp, H.M. (author), Heidt, P.J. (author), Zurcher, C. (author), Radiobiologisch Instituut TNO (author)Procedures for total and selective gastrointestinal decontamination of dogs are described. The selective procedure removed only Gram negative aerobic bacteria, yeast and fungi. Dogs receiving total decontamination were less susceptible to the GI syndrome following total body irradiation (TBI) than dogs receiving conventional care. After TBI and...article 1981
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Schellekens, H. (author), Weimar, W. (author), de Reus, A. (author), Bolhuis, R.L.H. (author), Cantell, K. (author), Instituut voor Experimentele Gerontologie TNO (author)Chemicals/CAS: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Antibodies, Viral; Interferons, 9008-11-1article 1981
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Benschop, H.P. (author), Berends, F. (author), de Jong, L.P.A. (author), Medisch Biologisch Laboratorium TNO (author)Chemicals/CAS: soman, 96-64-0; Organophosphorus Compounds; Soman, 96-64-0article 1981
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Smokovitis, A. (author), Astrup, T. (author), Gaubius instituut TNO (author)Rabbit skin, normally of low fibrinolytic activity, and guinea-pig skin, of medium activity, after crush injury or after the intradermal or subcutaneous injection of aluminum hydroxide, show a remarkable increase in fibrinolytic activity. The activity is caused by a plasminogen activator and is related to blood vessels. Occasionally, intense...article 1980
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Feron, V.J. (author), Kroes, R. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Wistar rats were exposed to atmospheres containing 0 (control) or 5000 ppm vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for a period of 52 weeks. After 4, 13, 26 and 52 weeks each time 10 rats/sex/group were killed and subjected to extensive examinations. The present paper describes the morphological changes observed in the respiratory...article 1979
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Broerse, J.J. (author), Radiobiologisch Instituut TNO (author)Values of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of fast neutrons for effect on normal tissue depend not only on the neutron energy and the dose, but also on the type of tissue irradiated. Values of the RBE of 15 MeV neutrons are reviewed for rapidly proliferating rodent tissue, such as mouse bone marrow, mouse intestine and rat skin...article 1974
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Radiobiological Institute TNO (author), van der Waaij, D. (author), Sturm, C.A. (author)In mice, after a few days of oral treatment with antibiotics which are minimally absorbed, the bacterial fecal flora is eliminated. In the course of such treatment, the bacterial population of the skin becomes drastically reduced. After 9 weeks, cultures from the skin of the back are negative. Following 12 weeks of treatment, about 50% of the...article 1971