Genotoxicity and mutagenicity

Genetic and reproductive toxicity of butadiene and isoprene

Butadiene (BD) and its 2-methyl analogue, isoprene, have been extensively studied in animals and BD in population studies. Both chemicals are metabolised by liver cytochrome P450 dependent monogenases to monoepoxide and diepoxide intermediates. The diepoxide intermediates of both compounds were mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium. However,...

Biological monitoring the exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of coke oven workers in relation to smoking and genetic polymorphisms for GSTM1 GSTT1

Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) increases the risk of developing lung cancer. Human exposure is often demonstrated by increased internal levels of PAH metabolites and of markers for early biological effects, like DNA adducts and cytogenetic aberrations. Objective: This study aimed to assess whether the current...

IPCS guidelines for the monitoring of genotoxic effects of carcinogens in humans

The purpose of these guidelines is to provide concise guidance on the planning, performing and interpretation of studies to monitor groups or individuals exposed to genotoxic agents. Most human carcinogens are genotoxic but not all genotoxic agents have been shown to be carcinogenic in humans. Although the main interest in these studies is due...

Lack of effect of coumarin on unscheduled DNA synthesis in the in vivo rat hepatocyte DNA repair assay

The ability of coumarin to induce UDS in male Sprague-Dawley CD rat hepatocytes in vivo was assessed using the unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay. From a preliminary toxicity study the oral maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of coumarin was determined to be 320mg/kg body weight. For the UDS studies, rats were treated with 0 (corn oil control), 32 ...

Monitoring the exposure of rats to 2-acetylaminofluorene by the estimation of mutagenic activity in excreta, sister-chromatid exchanges in peripheral blood cells and DNA adducts in peripheral blood, liver and spleen

The sensitivity of various methods suitable for biomonitoring the exposure to genotoxicants was compared in an animal model. The results were related to the presence of genotoxic effects in the target organ. Groups of male Wistar rats were given one oral dose of 0, 0.1, 1, 10 or 200 mg 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)/5 ml dimethyl sulphoxide/kg...

Effect of cigarette-smoke condensate and norharman on the induction of SCEs by direct and indirect mutagens in CHO cells

Mutagenicity of urine and faeces after treatment of rats with known genotoxins

Absence of an effect of lead acetate on sperm morphology, sister chromatid exchanges or on micronuclei formation in rabbits

The influence of lead on sperm morphology, sister chromatid exchanges or on micronuclei formation was studied on male rabbits after exposure to doses of 0, 0.25, and 0.50 mg lead acetate/kg body weight subcutaneously injected three times a week during 14 weeks, each on a group of five rabbits. At the end of exposure phase the lead in blood...

Micrococcus luteus UV-endonuclease-sensitive sites and sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells

Chemicals/CAS: endonuclease, 9055-11-2; Endonucleases, EC 3.1.