The influence of atmospheric species on the degradation of the Mo/MoSe2 back contact in CIGS solar cells

The degradation mechanisms of the molybdenum (Mo) back contact for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells in the presence of atmospheric species have been investigated. Mo/MoSe2 films on glass were immersed in water purged with the gases oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), air, in non-purged water, and exposed to air. It was found that the...

In-situ XRD study on the selenisation parameters driving Ga/In interdiffusion in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 in a versatile, industrially-relevant selenisation furnace

The selenisation of Cu-Ga-In metallic precursors is investigated by in-situ X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) in a selenisation tool which mimics at the laboratory scale an industrial tool (thus fully scalable) and allows fine control over the selenisation parameters and reproducibility. In this setup, the interdiffusion of Ga and In was significantly...

In-situ XRD study of Ga/In interdiffusion in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 in an industrially relevant selenization furnace

A custom-made, highly versatile and industrially-relevant selenisation furnace with in situ XRD capabilities is presented. Mimicking an RD scale furnace used in our baseline at TNO/Solliance, it uses only elemental chalcogens and gives control over a wide set of process parameters not accessible in commercial setups. It additionally allows fast...

Raman analysis of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 absorbers obtained from atmospheric selenium-sulfur annealing of electrodeposited precursors

Two step atmospheric pressure processing of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 absorbers is an industrially attractive technology to produce CIGS thin film modules. For this procedure, absorber sulfurization is required to increase the Voc and thus the efficiency of the solar cells. Raman spectroscopy was used to qualitatively identify the presence of sulfur on...

Influence of deposition pressure and selenisation on damp heat degradation of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 back contact molybdenum

The impact of the molybdenum (Mo) microstructure and selenisation on degradation caused by 105hour exposure to standard 'damp heat' has been investigated. Degradation effects were already observed without magnification after several hours of exposure. The degradation resulted in large volume expansion due to the formation of a thick non...

The impact of selenisation on damp heat degradation of the CIGS back contact molybdenum

Molybdenum (Mo) degrades under the influence of damp heat, thereby reducing the output of CIGS PV. In this study, Mo layers were deposited on a glass substrate by magnetron sputtering, thereby varying the deposition pressure and the addition of selenium. These samples were thoroughly analysed and degraded at 60°C/60% relative humidity (RH) and...