A global overview of developments of urban and rural household GHG footprints from 2005 to 2015

Sustainable performance challenges of rural microgrids: Analysis of incentives and policy framework in Indonesia

Rural off-grid electrification systems powered by renewable energy have become popular in the Global South. Unfortunately, many microgrids have experienced trouble during their first years of operation, leading to premature system deterioration. In this paper we trace these problems to institutional issues associated with goal displacement in...

Comparison of MODTRAN simulations and transmission measurements by path-integrated and in-situ techniques over a rural site in northwestern Germany

A transmission experiment has been performed over an optical path of 1.53 km at a rural test site in Meppen, Northwest Germany. Direct transmission measurements were made by a 7-wavelength transmissometer. Transmission was further estimated from the average voltage received by a BLS2000 scintillometer, and evaluated with Mie theory from in-situ...

E-Learning Sudan, formal learning for out-of-school children

E-Learning Sudan (ELS) is a custom-built computer game that provides alternative learning opportunities to Sudanese children who are excluded from education. Unique in ELS is that children can learn mathematics, in their own remote village, without a teacher. This research study assessed the effectiveness of ELS through a pretest-posttest...

Global Research Alliance (GRA) - Smart sustainable energy for rural community development

There is a genuine opportunity for the developing world and rural areas to leapfrog the conventional Western paradigm of power. Where conventional electricity delivery is reliant on expensive, polluting and centrally controlled generation (with its spider web of infrastructure and dependence on decades-old technologies), the developing world can...

Impacts of controlling biomass burning emissions on wintertime carbonaceous aerosol in Europe

We use a 3-D regional chemical transport model, with the latest advancements in the organic aerosol (OA) treatment, and an updated emission inventory for wood combustion to study the organic aerosol change in response to the replacement of current residential wood combustion technologies with pellet stoves. Simulations show a large decrease of...

Improved road traffic emission inventories by adding mean speed distributions

Does consideration of average speed distributions on roads-as compared to single mean speed-lead to different results in emission modelling of large road networks? To address this question, a post-processing method is developed to predict mean speed distributions using available traffic data from a dynamic macroscopic traffic model (Indy) that...

Bringing internet connectivity to rural Zambia using a collaborative approach

This paper presents an initiative to bring connectivity to rural Zambia using a collaborative approach. In particular, it focuses on a proof-of-concept Internet service that has been implemented in rural Macha located in the Southern Province of Zambia. The service operates using satellite terminals (for connection to the Internet) and a...

Anthropometry of fetal growth in rural Malawi in relation to maternal malaria and HIV status

Objective: To describe fetal growth centiles in relation to maternal malaria and HIV status, using cross sectional measurements at birth. Design: A cross sectional study of pregnant women and their babies. Data on maternal socioeconomic status and current pregnancy, including HIV status and newborn anthropometry, were collected. Malaria...

Catch-up growth in Malawian babies, a longitudinal study of normal and low birthweight babies born in a malarious endemic area

Introduction: Infant growth has not been studied in developing countries in relation to maternal factors related to malaria in pregnancy and maternal illiteracy. Objective: To describe growth patterns in infants with low and normal birthweight and determine maternal risk factors for infant undernutrition. Methods: Babies born in a rural district...

Energy restriction early in life and colon carcinoma risk: Results of The Netherlands Cohort Study after 7.3 years of follow-up

BACKGROUND. This study evaluated the effects of severe undernutrition during adolescence and subsequent colon carcinoma risk. METHODS. The authors evaluated The Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer (NLCS) among 62,573 women and 58,279 men aged 55-69 years at baseline. Information on diet and risk factors was collected by questionnaire in...

An analysis of intra-uterine growth retardation in rural Malawi

Objective: (1) To describe the sex-specific, birth weight distribution by gestational age of babies born in a malaria endemic, rural area with high maternal HIV prevalence; (2) to assess the contribution of maternal health, nutritional status and obstetric history on intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) and prematurity. Methods: Information...

Knowledge of high-school students and adult OPD attenders of family planning methods and sexually transmitted diseases (including HIV) in rural Zimbabwe

Schatting van de bijdrage van secundair organisch materiaal aan PM10

-

Diet in adolescence and the risk of breast cancer: Results of the Netherlands Cohort Study

Objectives: In The Netherlands, part of the population experienced food restriction and severe famine during World War II. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of severe undernutrition during adolescence on the risk of breast cancer later in life. Methods: We examined the hypothesis in the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and...