Thalidomide inhibits UVB-induced mouse keratinocyte apoptosis by both TNF-α-dependent and TNF-α-independent pathways

Background: Thalidomide is an anti-inflammatory pharmacologic agent that has been utilized as a therapy for a number of dermatologic diseases. Its anti-inflammatory properties have been attributed to its ability to antagonize tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α) production by monocytes. However, its mechanism of action in the skin is not known....

The role of DNA damage and repair in ultraviolet B radiation-induced immunomodulation: Relevance for human photocarcinogenesis

Chemicals/CAS: Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, 126547-89-5; Pyrimidine Dimers

Influence of the H-ras oncogene on radiation responses of a rat rhabdomyosarcoma cell line

Rat R2k rhabdomyosarcoma cells were transfected with the human H-ras oncogene, which resulted in increased resistance to cell kill in vitro by a single dose of 137Cs γ-rays. A subline carrying one oncogene showed an increase in the quasi-threshold dose (D(q)) from 0.88 to 1.48 Gy. Another subline containing six oncogenes not only had an...

Different repair kinetics of radiation-induced DNA lesions in human and murine white blood cells

Exposure of cells to ionizing radiation gives rise to DNA damage, comprising strand breaks and base modifications. All these lesions may contribute to cell death, mutagenesis and/or carcinogenesis, but their relative contributions are likely to be different. It is important, therefore, to study the various damages with respect to their abundance...

Lung damage in the rat after irradiation and treatment with cytotoxic drugs

Interstitial pneumonitis (IP) is one of the major complications after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (incidence: 30 to 50%, fatality rate: 50 to 60%). Cytomegalovirus is associated with 60% of the cases. When no infectious agent can be detected, it is classified as idiopathic IP (IIP). Factors related to IIP are: remission induction...

Modification of the early and late delayed radiation response of the rat spinal cord by chemotherapeutic agents

Chemicals/CAS: cytarabine, 147-94-4, 69-74-9; methotrexate, 15475-56-6, 59-05-2, 7413-34-5

Fast neutron radiotherapy: For equal or for better?

The renewed application of fast neutrons in clinical radiotherapy has been stimulated by fundamental radiobiological findings. The biological effects of high LET radiation, including fast neutrons, are different from those obtained with X-rays in at least three respects: the oxygen enhancement ratio, the sensitivity of cells at different phases...

Review of RBE values of 15 MeV neutrons for effects on normal tissues

Values of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of fast neutrons for effect on normal tissue depend not only on the neutron energy and the dose, but also on the type of tissue irradiated. Values of the RBE of 15 MeV neutrons are reviewed for rapidly proliferating rodent tissue, such as mouse bone marrow, mouse intestine and rat skin...

Influence of the radiosensitizers paranitroacetophenone and triacetoneamine N oxyl on the effects of ionizing radiation on DNA

Paranitroacetophenone (PNAP) and triacetoneamine N oxyl (TAN), which sensitize anoxic cells to ionizing radiation, do not increase the radiosensitivity of bacteriophage DNA irradiated in the dry state, showing that the 'direct action model' of sensitization does not hold in this experimental set up. PNAP and TAN added within 1.5 msec after...