Detection of single-strand breaks and base damage in DNA of human white blood cells as a tool for biological dosimetry of exposure to ionizing radiation

An immunochemical assay has been adapted to detect DNA damage in whole blood at biologically relevant doses of ionizing radiation. Upon alkaline treatment of whole blood, both strand breaks and base damage (which is converted into strand breaks by the addition of damage-specific enzymes) are detected by using antibodies that specifically bind to...

Low doses of UVB or UVA induce chromosomal aberrations in cultured human skin cells

Chromosomal defects are frequently present in malignant and premalignant skin disorders; however, it is not known whether ultraviolet radiation from sunlight plays a role in their induction. To obtain information on the ability of ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B to induce chromosomal aberrations, cultured melanocytes and fibroblasts were exposed...

Radiation burden to paediatric patients due to micturating cystourethrography examinations in a Dutch children's hospital

Micturating cystourethrography (MCU) examinations of paediatric patients in a major Dutch children's hospital (JKZ) were evaluated to generate quantitative information on effective dose (E). A standard examination involves three radiographs plus fluoroscopy. Observed total dose-area product (DAP) for 84 children increased, on average, with...

Patient dosimetry in abdominal arteriography

This study aims at accurate quantification of x-ray exposure and effective dose to the patient in abdominal arteriography. Using an automatic monitoring system, all relevant exposure parameters were determined during 172 abdominal arteriographies. Common projections were extracted for a 'normal' reference group of procedures and used in Monte...

Determination of average glandular dose with modern mammography units for two large groups of patients

Until recently, for mammography Mo anode-Mo filter x-ray tube assemblies were almost exclusively used. Modern mammography units provide the possibility to employ a variety of anode-filter combinations with the aim of adapting the x-ray spectrum to compressed breast thickness and composition. The present contribution provides information on the...

Calculation of computed tomography dose index to effective dose conversion factors based on measurement of the dose profile along the fan shaped beam

The variation in computed tomography dose index (CTDI) to effective dose conversion factors between different types of CT scanner is large (i.e. a factor of about 2 due to differences in beam shaping filters). Consequently, scanner specific conversion factors have to be applied. For some types of scanner, however, detailed information on the...

Honderd jaar radiologie in Nederland. IX. Klinische radiobiologie [Hundred years of radiology in the Netherlands. IX. Clinical radiobiology]

Chemicals/CAS: Oxygen, 7782-44-7; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents

Different repair kinetics of radiation-induced DNA lesions in human and murine white blood cells

Exposure of cells to ionizing radiation gives rise to DNA damage, comprising strand breaks and base modifications. All these lesions may contribute to cell death, mutagenesis and/or carcinogenesis, but their relative contributions are likely to be different. It is important, therefore, to study the various damages with respect to their abundance...

Calculations of displacement corrections for in-phantom measurements with ionisation chambers for mammography

Displacement corrections for in-phantom measurements with ionisation cham- bers for the purpose of mammography are large and represent a major correction to consider for dose determinations. Experimental data on displacement corrections depend to a large degree on the model used to extrapolate to zero cavity radius. Calculations of displacement...

Early and late effects of fractionated irradiation of the thorax of WAG/Rij rats

Extracorporeal irradiation of the blood in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia. Comparative evaluation of three treatment regimens with emphasis on cell compartment analysis

Results of three different regimens of extracorporeal irradiation of the blood (ECIB) are compared (1 X 20,2 X 10, and 4 X 5hr) in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia. The D0 for X rays of leukemic cells in the blood was 68 cGy. The transit dose varied from 380 to 660 cGy. Evaluation was performed by follow-up of the number of...

Effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on proliferation of CFU-S

Chemicals/CAS: Lipopolysaccharides

Depth dose measurements of d T neutrons for radiotherapy applications

In connection with clinical applications of fast neutrons, depth dose measurements have been carried out for collimated 15 MeV neutron beams at various source to skin distances, using different phantoms of the upper part of the human body. The distribution of fast, thermal and intermediate neutron dose or kerma and gamma dose over the phantoms...