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van Helden, H.P.M. (author), Trap, H.C. (author), Kuijpers, W.C. (author), Oostdijk, J.P. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author)The purpose of this pilot study was to indicate, for low-level exposure of conscious guinea pigs and marmoset monkeys to sarin vapour in air, the lowest-observable-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of sarin for miosis. This is the concentration × time (C·t) value (t = 5 h) of exposure at which miosis becomes significant. The ratio of pupil and iris...article 2004
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Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author), van Helden, H.H.P.M. (author), Vanwersch, R.A.P. (author), Kuijpers, W.C. (author), Trap, H.C. (author), Philippens, I.H.C. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author)The main purpose of this pilot study was to estimate the lowest observable adverse effect level (LOAEL) for the electroencephalogram (EEG) upon long-term, low-level exposure of vehicle-pretreated and pyridostigmine-pretreated marmoset monkeys to sarin vapour. This is the C·t value (t = 5 h) of exposure at which the EEG becomes significantly...article 2004
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de Groot, D.M.G. (author), Bierman, E.P.B. (author), Bruijnzeel, P.L.B. (author), Carpentier, P. (author), Kulig, B.M. (author), Lallement, G. (author), Melchers, B.P.C. (author), Philippens, I.H.C.H.M. (author), van Huygevoort, A.H.B.M. (author)Poisoning with the potent nerve agent soman produces a cascade of central nervous system (CNS) effects characterized by severe convulsions and eventually death. In animals that survive a soman intoxication, lesions in the amygdala, piriform cortex, hippocampus and thalamus can be observed. In order to examine the mechanisms involved in the...article 2001
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TNO Prins Maurits Laboratorium (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), de Jong, L.P.A. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author)Several p-nitrophenyl phosphoramidates with the general formula RO(NH2)P(O)OC6H4-p-NO2, in which R = CH2CH3, CH2CH2F, CH2CHF2, CH2CF3, CH2CH2CH2CH3, and CH2CH2Cl, as well as (NH2)2P(O)OC6H4-p-NO2 were administered intravenously to guinea pigs as pretreatment compounds for protection against the lethal effects of 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl...article 1996
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Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author), Wolthuis, O.L. (author), Groen, B. (author), Busker, R.W. (author), van Helden, H.P.M. (author)To investigate at which dose levels undesirable effects started, behavioural performance and several physiological parameters were measured in marmosets (Callithrix Jacchus) after soman (1.75 and 3.5 μg/kg), sarin (3 and 6 μg/kg), physostigmine (10 and 20 μg/kg), and pyridostigmine (200 and 400 μg/kg). Effects on performance were investigated...article 1995