New reference charts for testicular volume in Dutch children and adolescents allow the calculation of standard deviation scores

Aim Accurate calculations of testicular volume standard deviation (SD) scores are not currently available. We constructed LMS-smoothed age-reference charts for testicular volume in healthy boys. Methods The LMS method was used to calculate reference data, based on testicular volumes from ultrasonography and Prader orchidometer of 769 healthy...

Growth charts of human development

This article reviews and compares two types of growth charts for tracking human development over age. Both charts assume the existence of a continuous latent variable, but relate to the observed data in different ways. The D-score diagram summarizes developmental indicators into a single aggregate score measuring global development. The...

Stage line diagram: An age-conditional reference diagram for tracking development

This paper presents a method for calculating stage line diagrams, a novel type of reference diagram useful for tracking developmental processes over time. Potential fields of applications include: dentistry (tooth eruption), oncology (tumor grading, cancer staging), virology (HIV infection and disease staging), psychology (stages of cognitive...

Puberty induction in Turner syndrome: Results of oestrogen treatment on development of secondary sexual characteristics, uterine dimensions and serum hormone levels

Background: Besides short stature, gonadal dysgenesis leading to a lack of oestrogen is one of the main characteristics of Turner syndrome (TS). In most TS girls, puberty is induced with exogenous oestrogens. Objective: To describe the pubertal development and uterine dimensions achieved by low-dose 17β-oestradiol (17β-E2) orally started at an...

De niet-scrotale testis: huidige standpunten van de Werkgroep Kinderurologie van de Nederlandse Vereniging voor Urologie [Undescended testis: Current views and advice for treatment]

Undescended testis (UDT) is one of the most common urogenital abnormalities in boys. UDT is defined as a testis which cannot be brought into a stable scrotal position. At present, congenital and acquired forms of UDT are recognised. Congenital UDT is defined as a UDT which has never descended from birth. Acquired UDT is defined as a UDT which...

Low bone mineral density and bone mineral content are associated with low cobalamin status in adolescents

Background: Cobalamin deficiency is prevalent in vegetarians and has been associated with increased risk of osteoporosis. Aim of the study: To examine the association between cobalamin status and bone mineral density in adolescents formerly fed a macrobiotic diet and in their counterparts. Methods: In this cross-sectional study bone mineral...

Height, weight, body mass index and pubertal development reference values for children of Turkish origin in the Netherlands

The aim of this study was to provide growth and sexual maturation reference data for Turkish children living in The Netherlands. We also compared these references with the reference data of children of Dutch origin and with Turkish reference data collected in Turkey and elsewhere in Europe. Cross-sectional growth and demographic data were...

Niet-scrotale testes; beleid voor de eerste lijn [First-line management of non-scrotal testes]

For non-scrotal testes a distinction can be made between retractile testes (completely descended and normally developed but sometimes situated subcutaneously in the groin area), retained testes (testes cannot be brought into the scrotum or this can only be achieved using light manual pressure) and ectopic testes (lying outside of the descent...

Socio-economic status and puberty are the main factors determining anaemia in adolescent girls and boys in East Java, Indonesia

Objective: To determine prevalence and contributing factors of anaemia in adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional study of anaemia prevalence, socio-economic status and puberty. Setting: Schools in East Java, Indonesia. Subjects: Male and female adolescent pupils (age 12-15 y; n = 6486). Results: Anaemia prevalence was 25.8% among girls (n = 3486),...

Determinants of bone mass and bone geometry in adolescent and young adult women

Bone mass and bone geometry are considered to have independent effects on bone strength. The purpose of this study was to obtain data on bone mass and geometry in young female populations and how they are influenced by body size and lifestyle factors. In a cross-sectional, observational study in six European countries, 1116 healthy Caucasian...

Continuing positive secular growth change in the Netherlands 1955-1997

Since 1858, an increase of mean stature has been observed in the Netherlands, reflecting the improving nutritional, hygienic, and health status of the population. In this study, stature, weight, and pubertal development of Dutch youth, derived from four consecutive nationwide cross- sectional growth studies during the past 42 y, are compared to...

Dietary calcium and bone density in adolescent girls and young women in Europe

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between dietary calcium intake and radial bone density among young women, over the whole range of intake and at different levels of calcium intake. The study design was a cross-sectional, observational multicenter investigation in six European countries. One thousand one hundred and...

Secular changes of growth in the Netherlands