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Segers, M. (author), Vermeer, I. (author), Möller, M. (author), Verheijen, M. (author), Buskens, P. (author)Hybrid particles consisting of an organic polymer and silica or polyorganosiloxanes are interesting building blocks for nanocomposites. The synthesis of such particles typically requires multiple reaction steps involving the formation of polymer colloids and the subsequent deposition of silicon-containing material either inside or on the surface...article 2017
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Walczak, A.P. (author), Hendriksen, P.J.M. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), van der Zande, M. (author), Undas, A.K. (author), Helsdingen, R. (author), van den Berg, H.H.J. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), Bouwmeester, H. (author)The likelihood of oral exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing, and it is necessary to evaluate the oral bioavailability of NPs. In vitro approaches could help reducing animal studies, but validation against in vivo studies is essential. Previously, we assessed the translocation of 50 nm polystyrene NPs of different charges (neutral,...article 2015
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Mann, D. (author), Chattopadhyay, S. (author), Pargen, S. (author), Verheijen, M. (author), Keul, H. (author), Buskens, P. (author), Möller, M. (author)We present the synthesis of glucose-functionalized polystyrene particles through emulsion polymerisation using glucose acrylate as reactive surfactant. Additionally, we present the selective deposition of silver on the surface of these particles yielding well-defined polystyrene-silver composites.article 2014
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Kjellander, B.K.C. (author), Smaal, W.T.T. (author), Myny, K. (author), Genoe, J. (author), Dehaene, W. (author), Heremans, P. (author), Gelinck, G.H. (author)We ink-jet print a blend of 6,13-bis(triisopropyl-silylethynyl)pentacene and polystyrene as the active layer for flexible circuits. The discrete ink-jet printed transistors exhibit a saturation mobility of 0.5 cm2 V -1 s-1. The relative spread in transistor characteristics can be very large. This spread is due to the morphology of the TIPS-PEN...article 2013
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Li, X. (author), Smaal, W.T.T. (author), Kjellander, C. (author), van der Putten, B. (author), Gualandris, K. (author), Smits, E.C.P. (author), Anthony, J. (author), Broer, D.J. (author), Blom, P.W.M. (author), Genoe, J. (author), Gelinck, G.H. (author)We present a systematic study of the influence of material composition and ink-jet processing conditions on the charge transport in bottom-gate field-effect transistors based on blends of 6,13-bis(triisopropyl-silylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-PEN) and polystyrene. After careful process optimizations of blending ratio and printing temperature we...article 2011
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Grossiord, N. (author), Wouters, M.E.L. (author), Miltner, H.E. (author), Lu, K. (author), Loos, J. (author), Mele, B.V. (author), Koning, C.E. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)Several series of nanocomposites were prepared using a latex-based process, the main step of which consisted of mixing an aqueous suspension of exfoliated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and a polymer latex. In the present work, a systematic study on the electrical properties of fully amorphous (polystyrene - PS) as well as semi-crystalline (isotactic...article 2010
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Jellema, L.C. (author), Mey, T. (author), Koster, S. (author), Verpoorte, E. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)A new microfluidic approach for charge-based particle separation using combined hydrodynamic and electrokinetic effects is presented. A recirculating flow pattern is employed, generated through application of bi-directional flow in a narrow glass microchannel incorporating diverging or converging segments at both ends. The bi-directional flow in...article 2009
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Verhoef, S. (author), Wierckx, N. (author), Westerhof, R.G.M. (author), Winde, J.H.de (author), Ruijssenaars, H.J. (author)Two solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas putida S12 strains, originally designed for phenol and p-coumarate production, were engineered for efficient production of p-hydroxystyrene from glucose. This was established by introduction of the genes pal and pdc encoding L-phenylalanine/L-tyrosine ammonia lyase and p-coumaric acid decarboxylase, respectively....article 2009
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Ekblad, T. (author), Bergström, G. (author), Ederth, T. (author), Conlan, S.L. (author), Mutton, R. (author), Clare, A.S. (author), Wang, S. (author), Liu, Y. (author), Zhao, Q. (author), D'Souza, F. (author), Donnelly, G.T. (author), Willemsen, P.R. (author), Pettitt, M.E. (author), Callow, M.E. (author), Callow, J.A. (author), Liedberg, B. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)This work describes the fabrication, characterization, and biological evaluation of a thin protein-resistant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel coating for antifouling applications. The coating was fabricated by free-radical polymerization on silanized glass and silicon and on polystyrene-covered silicon and gold. The physicochemical...article 2008
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Dole, P. (author), Feigenbaum, A.E. (author), de la Cruz, C. (author), Pastorelli, S. (author), Paseiro, P. (author), Hankemeier, T. (author), Voulzatis, Y. (author), Aucejo, S. (author), Saillard, P. (author), Papaspyrides, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)When plastics are collected for recycling, possibly contaminated articles might be recycled into food packaging, and thus the contaminants might subsequently migrate into the food. Multilayer functional barriers may be used to delay and to reduce such migration. The contribution of the work reported here is to establish reference values (at 40°C...article 2006
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Begley, T. (author), Castle, L. (author), Feigenbaum, A. (author), Franz, R. (author), Hinrichs, K. (author), Lickly, T. (author), Mercea, P. (author), Milana, M. (author), O'Brien, A. (author), Rebre, S. (author), Rijk, R. (author), Piringer, O. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO Voeding (author)Materials and articles intended to come into contact with food must be shown to be safe because they might interact with food during processing, storage and the transportation of foodstuffs. Framework Directive 89/109/EEC and its related specific Directives provide this safety basis for the protection of the consumer against inadmissible...article 2005
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Bosker, W.T.E. (author), Ágoston, K. (author), Cohen Stuart, M.A. (author), Norde, W. (author), Timmermans, J.W. (author), Slaghek, T.M. (author)Linear block copolymers of polystyrene and polysaccharide were synthesized using a block synthesis method with amino-terminated polystyrene and sodium cyanoborohydride as reducing agent. Different types of polysaccharides, dextrans, and maltodextrins with various molecular weights were used. IR spectroscopy indicated a successful coupling....article 2003
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TNO Industrie en Techniek (author), Fischer, H. (author)The surface of a bulk polystyrene has been scanned using a AFM equipped with a thermal probe at different temperatures. Scanning at room temperature reveals a real picture of the surface roughness, while scanning 40 and 20 K below the glass transition of the bulk PS results in a very flat smooth surface. Scans at the Tg show a deformation...article 2002
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Kok, S.J. (author), Arentsen, N.C. (author), Cools, P.J.C.H. (author), Hankemeier, Th. (author), Schoenmakers, P.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The use of a state-of-the-art commercial solvent-elimination interface for liquid chromatography-infrared spectroscopy is discussed from the perspective of quantitative analysis. The effect of eluent flow-rate is investigated with respect to the homogeneity of the deposit and the trace width along the deposition trace. Low flow-rates (50 μl/min...article 2002
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Prinsen, M.K. (author), Gouko, N. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)In Japan there is growing concern about the possible adverse effects of consumption of food from styrene containers (mainly those made from polystyrene paper) due to the alleged oestrogenic activity of styrene oligomers (dimers and trimers), which may migrate into the food. To examine the possible oestrogenic activity of styrene dimers and...article 2001
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Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author), Baumann, M. (author), Roland, A.I. (author), Schmidt-Naake, G. (author), Fischer, H.R. (author)The synthesis of polystyrene-block-poly(styrene-co acrylonitrile) block copolymers by conversion of polystyrene terminated with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) are described. We have found a considerable acceleration in polymerization rate and increasing of molecular weights due to the donor acceptor interaction of styrene and...article 2000
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Weidisch, R. (author), Michler, G.H. (author), Fischer, H. (author), Arnold, M. (author), Hofmann, S. (author), Stamm, M. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)Mechanical properties of poly(styrene-b-n-butylmethacrylate) diblock copolymers, PS-b-PBMA, with different lengths of the polystyrene block were investigated. The copolymers display a composition range where the tensile strength of the block copolymers exceeds the values of the corresponding homopolymers. At a PS-content of 74 vol% not only the...article 1999
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Román, C. (author), Fischer, H.R. (author), Meijer, E.W. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)Diblock copolymers consisting of polystyrene and acid-functionalized poly(propylene imine) dendrimers have been found to self-assemble spontaneously into regular microdomains. The hybride dendrimer-linear chain block copolymers yield highly asymmetric molecules which display an aggregation behavior at the strong segregation limit that differs...article 1999
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Weidisch, R. (author), Stamm, M. (author), Michler, G.H. (author), Fischer, H.R. (author), Jérôme, R. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)Poly(styrene-b-butyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers, PS-6-PBMA, with different morphologies are investigated with respect to the influence of strain rate and temperature on tensile properties. In the first part the mechanical properties of bicontinuous and perforated lamellar structure are compared with other morphologies. Diblock copolymers...article 1999
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Verolme, J.L. (author), Szymczak, M. (author), Broos, J.P.F. (author), Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author)For the experimental characterization of behind-armour debris so-called metallic witness packs can be used. A metallic witness pack consists of an array of metallic plates interspaced by polystyrene foam sheets. To quantify the fragment mass and velocity from the corresponding hole area and position in the individual witness plates, perforation...article 1999
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