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Thunis, P. (author), Clappier, A. (author), Pisoni, E. (author), Bessagnet, B. (author), Kuenen, J. (author), Guevara, M. (author), Lopez-Aparicio, S. (author)Some studies show that significant uncertainties affect emission inventories, which may impeach conclusions based on air-quality model results. These uncertainties re sult from the need to compile a wide variety of information to estimate an emission inventory. In this work, we propose and discuss a screening method to compare two emission...article 2022
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Deziel, N.C. (author), Nuckols, J.R. (author), Jones, R.R. (author), Graubard, B.I. (author), de Roos, A.J. (author), Pronk, A. (author), Gourley, C. (author), Colt, J.S. (author), Ward, M.H. (author)Proximity to facilities emitting polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) has been associated with increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). There is limited information about whether proximity to industrial sources leads to indoor PCDD/F contamination of homes. We measured carpet dust concentrations (pg/g...article 2017
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Criens, C.H.A. (author), Willems, F.P.T. (author), van Keulen, T.A.C. (author), Steinbuch, M. (author)This brief presents a novel and time-efficient control design for modern heavy-duty diesel engines using a variable geometry turbine and an exhaust gas recirculation valve. The goal is to simultaneously and robustly achieve low fuel consumption and low emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). A new combination of three...article 2015
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Tukker, A. (author)There is widespread concern that the 'economy is crashing against the Earth', already causing problems in terms of climate change, water depletion and loss of biodiversity. Yet, the global economy still will have to grow two- to four-fold to provide all future global inhabitants with the average yearly income of $10,000 that is needed to have a...article 2013
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Willems, F.P.T. (author), Cloudt, R.P.M. (author)Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a promising diesel aftertreatment technology that enables low nitrogen oxides (NOx) tailpipe emissions with relatively low fuel consumption. Future emission legislation is pushing the boundaries for SCR control systems to achieve high NOx conversion within a tailpipe ammonia (NH3) slip constraint, and to...article 2011
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Neto, B. (author), Kroeze, C. (author), Hordijk, L. (author), Costa, C. (author), Pulles, M.P.J. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)This study explores a model (MIKADO) to analyse scenarios for the reduction of the environmental impact of an aluminium die casting plant. Our model calculates the potential to reduce emissions, and the costs associated with implementation of reduction options. In an earlier paper [Neto, B., Kroeze, C., Hordijk, L., Costa, C., 2008. Modelling...article 2009
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Tielemans, E. (author), Schneider, T. (author), Goede, H. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Warren, N. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), van Hemmen, J. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The present paper proposes a source-receptor model to schematically describe inhalation exposure to help understand the complex processes leading to inhalation of hazardous substances. The model considers a stepwise transfer of a contaminant from the source to the receptor. The conceptual model is constructed using three components, i.e. (i) the...article 2008
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Prenafeta-Boldú, F.X. (author), Illa, J. (author), van Groenestijn, J.W. (author), Flotats, X. (author)The biodegradation of toluene was studied in two lab-scale air biofilters operated in parallel, packed respectively with perlite granules (PEG) and polyurethane foam cubes (PUC) and inoculated with the same toluene-degrading fungus. Differences on the material pore size, from micrometres in PEG to millimetres in PUC, were responsible for...article 2008
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Denier van der Gon, H.A.C. (author), Hulskotte, J.H.J. (author), Visschedijk, A.J.H. (author), Schaap, M. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Comparisons of measured and model-predicted atmospheric copper concentrations show a severe underestimation of the observed concentrations by the models. This underestimation may be (partly) due to underestimated emissions of copper to air. Since the phase out of asbestos brake lining material, the composition of brake lining material has...article 2007
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Pulles, M.P.J. (author), Kok, H. (author), Quass, U. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)This study uses an improved emission inventory model to assess the uncertainties in emissions of dioxins and furans associated with both knowledge on the exact technologies and processes used, and with the uncertainties of both activity data and emission factors. The annual total emissions for the year 2000 in 13 countries in central and eastern...article 2006
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Tukker, A. (author), Buist, H. (author), van Oers, L. (author), van der Voet, E. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The EU Commission's Services asked TNO and CML to perform a study into the risks of the present uses of lead over time, as an input to a discussion on the need of a further reduction of the use of this material. The study was set up as a substance flow analysis to analyse trends in uses and emissions of lead in Europe between 2000 and 2030. The...article 2006
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Alcamo, J. (author), Mayerhofer, P. (author), Guardans, R. (author), van Harmelen, T. (author), van Minnen, J. (author), Onigkeit, J. (author), Posch, M. (author), de Vries, B. (author)This paper presents results of an assessment of the linkages between regional air pollution and climate change in Europe (the AIR-CLIM Project). The main research tool was an integrated modeling framework and the main product was a consistent set of long-term scenarios covering Europe between 1995 and 2100. Scenarios consisted of trends in...article 2002
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Gubelt, G. (author), Lumpe, C. (author), Verstraeten, E. (author), Joore, L. (author)As economic circumstances change and environmental legislation tightens, paper mills are forced to minimise their energy and water consumption to produce minimum emissions. A competitive product based water treatment concept to Zero Liquid Effluent (ZLE) is based on the 'five-fraction model'. To remove suspended solids two novel separation...article 2001
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Salomons, E.M. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)Downwind sound propagation over a noise screen is investigated by numerical computations and scale model experiments in a wind tunnel. For the computations, the parabolic equation method is used, with a range-dependent sound-speed profile based on wind-speed profiles measured in the wind tunnel and wind-speed profiles computed with computational...article 1999
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van Groenestijn, J.W. (author), Lake, M.E. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author)Biological techniques are highly cost-effective for the treatment of off-gases containing low concentrations of pollutants (<5 g/m3). They may also be attractive for the elimination of higher concentrations of explosive hydrocarbons (when compared to incineration). Conventional techniques such as biofilters have low elimination capacities for...article 1999
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Becker, P.M. (author), Instituut voor Milieu- en Energietechnologie TNO (author)The organizational structure of communities of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria was studied by means of physiological and molecular typing of the members of arbitrary samples of isolates, ASsI. The isolate sample assay (ISA) was applied to three different hydrocarbon-polluted sites: a dry windrow pile for bioremediation of waste oil-contaminated...article 1999
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Merétei, T. (author), van Ling, J.A.N. (author), Havenith, C. (author), TNO Wegtransportmiddelen (author)The use of compressed natural gas (CNG)-fuelled lean-burn city bus engines has a significant potential for air quality improvement in urban areas. Particularly important is the reduction of NO, as well as particulate and non regulated HC-emissions. For this reason, a CNG-fuelled, lean-burn, turbocharged, intercooled engine equipped with...article 1998
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Vallack, H.W. (author), Bakker, D.J. (author), Brandt, I. (author), Broström-Lundén, E. (author), Brouwer, A. (author), Bull, K.R. (author), Gough, C. (author), Guardans, R. (author), Holoubek, I. (author), Jansson, B. (author), Koch, R. (author), Kuylenstierna, J. (author), Lecloux, A. (author), Mackay, D. (author), McCutcheon, P. (author), Mocarelli, P. (author), Taalman, R.D.F. (author), Weavers, N.G. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author)Within the context of current international initiatives on the control of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), an overview is given of the scientific knowledge relating to POP sources, emissions, transport, fate and effects. At the regional scale, improvements in mass balance models for well-characterised POPs are resulting in an ability to...article 1998
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Karman, C.C. (author), Reerink, H.G. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author)Since 1991 the North Sea countries (UK, Netherlands, Norway and Denmark) have put a lot of effort in the development of a decision support system for the legislation of the use and discharge of offshore exploration, drilling and production chemicals. The heart of this so-called 'harmonised mandatory control system' is the 'chemical hazard...article 1998
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Rulkens, W.H. (author), Bruning, H. (author), van Hasselt, H.J. (author), Rienks, J. (author), van Veen, H.J. (author), Terlingen, J.P.M. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Solvent extraction is one of the possibilities to clean-up polluted sediments. It is especially attractive when the sediment mainly consists of clay particles polluted with contaminants which are not, or not easily, biodegradable. Using acetone as extracting agent the extraction process has been investigated at laboratory scale for treating...conference paper 1998
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