Comprehensive gas chromatography with Time of Flight MS and large volume introduction for the detection of fluoride-induced regenerated nerve agent in biological samples

Recently, several methods have been developed to verify exposure to nerve agents. Most of these methods, such as the fluoride reactivation technique and the analysis of inhibited phosphonylated butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), are based on mass spectrometry. The high specificity of the mass spectrometer might also imply a disadvantage, because the...

Verification of exposure to organophosphates: Generic mass spectrometric method for detection of human butyrylcholinesterase adducts

We present a generic mass spectrometric method to verify exposure to organophosphates, based on the chemical conversion of the phosphylated peptides obtained after pepsin digestion of human butyrylcholinesterase (HuBuChE) to a common precursor peptide. After exposure of plasma to various organophosphates (nerve agents, pesticides), HuBuChE was...

Electrochemical impedance study on the formation of biological iron phosphate layers

Phosphating is the most commonly applied pre-treatment process. However, some disadvantages exist: heavy metals and phosphoric acid are used in the process. Volkland et al. developed a process, in which these compounds can be left out, using bacteria to activate the phosphating process. This paper addresses the analysis of this phosphating...

Therapeutic efficacy of the adenosine A1 receptor agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) against organophosphate intoxication

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether reduction of central acetylcholine (ACh) accumulation by adenosine receptor agonists could serve as a generic treatment against organophosphate (OP) poisoning. The OPs studied were tabun (O-ethyl-N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate), sarin (isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate), VX (O...

Data correlation in on-line solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-atomic emission/mass spectrometric detection of unknown microcontaminants

A procedure is described for the (non-target) screening of hetero-atom-containing compounds in tap and waste water by correlating data obtained by gas chromatography (GC) using atomic emission (AED) and mass selective (MS) detection. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was coupled on-line to both GC systems to enable the determination of...

Capillary electrophoresis coupled on-line with flame photometric detection

Preliminary work indicates that capillary electrophoresis can be coupled on-line with a gas chromatographic detector such as a flame photometric detector. A test mixture containing low-nanogram amounts of three organophosphorus compounds has successfully been analysed. Chemicals/CAS: methylphosphonic acid, 993-13-5; phosphoric acid, 7664-38-2;...

Efficacy of HI-6 and HLÖ-7 in preventing incapacitation following nerve agent poisoning

The therapeutic efficacy of the oximes HI-6 and HLo-7 (132.5 μmol/kg), in combination with atropine, in soman- or tabun-intoxicated guinea pigs was compared, particularly with respect to recovery of shuttlebox performance and electroencephalograms (EEGs). After 1.5 x LD50 soman SC, therapy with HI-6 or HLo-7 resulted in survival of 87.5% of the...

The bispyridinium-dioxime HLö-7. A potent reactivator for acetylcholinesterase inhibited by the stereoisomers of tabun and soman

Purification of (+)-tabun was accomplished by treatment with electric eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in order to bind contaminating (-)-tabun, the more potent enantiomer with respect of AChE inhibition. Electric eel AChE inhibited with (-)-tabun and with purified (+)-tabun show similar properties in reactivation reactions with oximes (pH 7.5,...

On the mode of action of 3 phenylindole towards Aspergillus niger

3 Phenylindole is an antimicrobial compound active towards many fungi and gram positive bacteria. At 5 μg/ml it inhibits growth of Aspergillus niger. Higher concentrations (50 μg/ml) also suppress spore germination; they do not kill the fungus. Dry weight of the fungus still increases for 1 or 2 days after fungicide treatment. The toxicant has...

The influence of triorthocresylphosphate on the distribution of 32P in the body of the rat after the injection of 32P-sarin

The ChE- and AE- activities and the 32P-concentration of the plasma from rats 1 and 24 hr after s.c. injection of 32P-sarin (200 μg kg) were measured. One hr after the injection the ChE was inhibited to approx. 10 per cent and the AE to 40-50 per cent; 23 hr later 50 per cent of the ChE activity was found to be restored and the AE had recovered...