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Valstar, D.L. (author), Schijf, M.A. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Nijkamp, F.P. (author), Storm, G. (author), Bloksma, N. (author), Henricks, P.A.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Occupational exposure to low molecular weight chemicals, like trimellitic anhydride (TMA), can result in occupational asthma. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are among the first cells to encounter these inhaled compounds and were previously shown to affect TMA-induced asthma-like symptoms in the Brown Norway rat (Valstar et al., Toxicol. Appl....article 2006
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- Prinsen, M.K. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2006
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Dihal, A.A. (author), de Boer, V.C.J. (author), van der Woude, H. (author), Tilburgs, C. (author), Bruijntjes, J.P. (author), Alink, G.M. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The effect of the flavonoid quercetin and its conjugate rutin was investigated on (biomarkers of) colorectal cancer (CRC). Male F344 rats (n = 42/group) were fed 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 g quercetin/kg diet or 40 g rutin/kg diet. Two wk after initial administration of experimental diets, rats were given 2 weekly subcutaneous injections with 15 mg/kg...article 2006
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Gaspari, M. (author), Verhoeckx, K.C.M. (author), Verheij, E.R. (author), van der Greef, J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)LC-MS-based proteomics requires methods with high peak capacity and a high degree of automation, integrated with data-handling tools able to cope with the massive data produced and able to quantitatively compare them. This paper describes an off-line two-dimensional (2D) LC-MS method and its integration with software tools for data preprocessing...article 2006
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Appel, M.J. (author), van Veen, H.A. (author), Vietsch, H. (author), Salaheddine, M. (author), Nuijens, J.H. (author), Ziere, B. (author), de Loos, F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The oral toxicity of recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) produced in the milk of transgenic cows was investigated in Wistar rats by daily administration via oral gavage for 13 consecutive weeks, 7 days per week. The study used four groups of 20 rats/sex/dose. The control group received physiological saline and the three test groups received...article 2006
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Mommers, C. (author), de Heer, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)A literature study was performed to evaluate dose-response relationships and no-effect levels for sensitization and elicitation in skin- and respiratory allergy. With respect to the skin, dose-response relationships and no-effect levels were found for both intradermal and topical induction, as well as for intradermal and topical elicitation of...article 2006
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Valstar, D.L. (author), Schijf, M.A. (author), Nijkamp, F.P. (author), Storm, G. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Bloksma, N. (author), Henricks, P.A.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Occupational exposure to low molecular weight chemicals, like trimellitic anhydride (TMA), can result in occupational asthma. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are among the first cells to encounter inhaled compounds. These cells can produce many different mediators that have a putative role in asthma. In this study, we examined the role of AMs in lung...article 2006
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), de Heer, C. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO Voeding (author)Objectives: Chemosensory effects of stimulation by a chemical can either be irritating (trigeminal stimulation) or odorous (olfactory stimulation) or both. For odorous irritants, a clear-cut distinction between odour and irritation is difficult to make. The differences in the lowest concentration found to be irritating to the respiratory tract...article 2006
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Rennen, M.A.J. (author), de Heer, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objectives: The critical health effects of formaldehyde exposure include sensory irritation and the potential to induce tumours in the upper respiratory tract. In literature, a concentration as low as 0.24 ppm has been reported to be irritating to the respiratory tract in humans. Nasal tumour-inducing levels in experimental animals seem to be 1...article 2006
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Feron, V.J. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), van Vliet, P.W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The OECD (organisation for economic co-operation and development) guidelines for hazard identification of chemicals have proved their worth in practice and are of great significance for designing adequate and relevant toxicity studies. However, assessment procedures are too time-consuming and too expensive. Thus, there is a need for a more...article 2006
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Dihal, A.A. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Ommen, B.v. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The effect of the dietary flavonoid quercetin was investigated on proliferation and differentiation of the human colon cancer cell line Caco-2. Confluent Caco-2 monolayers exposed to quercetin showed a biphasic effect on cell proliferation and a decrease in cell differentiation (0.001<P<0.05). During differentiation Caco-2 cells formed 5 phase...article 2006
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Markus, C.R. (author), Jonkman, L.M. (author), Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), Deutz, N.E.P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Brain serotonin function has been implicated in the control of sleep and sleep related memory dysfunctions are attributed to deficient brain serotonin activity. Depletion of the serotonin precursor tryptophan reduces brain serotonin function and is found to cause sleep abnormalities and cognitive decline. We hypothesized that enhancing pre-sleep...article 2006
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Frieke Kuper, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Histologic examination of lymphoid organs has revealed immunotoxic effects of a broad range of substances. The thymus has proven especially sensitive. The relative lack of sensitivity of mucosa-associated lymphoid cells and tissues may be due to shortcomings in the way they are examined. Validation of ways to examine mucosal lymphoid tissues and...article 2006
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McKee, R.H. (author), Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), Hoogendijk, E.M.G. (author), Emmen, H.H. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Barsotti, D.A. (author), Owen, D.E. (author), Kulig, B.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)As a preliminary step to evaluating the acute neurobehavioral effects of hydrocarbon solvents and to establish a working model for extrapolating animal test data to humans, joint neurobehavioral/toxicokinetic studies were conducted which involved administering ethanol to rats and volunteers. The specific objectives of the present studies were to...article 2006
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Kuper, C.F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is a generalized term incorporating a disseminated collection of lymphoid tissues in multiple sites throughout the body. MALT sites that have been/are primarily studied include bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue ...article 2006
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Lina, B.A.R. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Suwa, Y. (author), Fujikawa, S. (author), Ishikura, Y. (author), Tsuda, S. (author), Dohnalek, M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are natural constituents found in human milk, fish oil or egg yolk. Until recently, infant formulas, though providing the essential fatty acid precursors for these PUFAs, did not contain preformed ARA or DHA. In this study the safety of SUNTGA40S...article 2006
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Clare, M.G. (author), Lorenzon, G. (author), Akhurst, L.C. (author), Marzin, D. (author), van Delft, J. (author), Montero, R. (author), Botta, A. (author), Bertens, A. (author), Cinelli, S. (author), Thybaud, V. (author), Lorge, E. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This study on the in vitro micronucleus assay, comprising 11 laboratories using human lymphocytes, was coordinated by an organizing committee supported by the SFTG (the French branch of the European Environmental Mutagen Society). Nine coded substances were assessed for their ability to induce micronuclei in human lymphocytes in vitro, mitomycin...article 2006
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Parnham, M.J. (author), Bogaards, J.J.P. (author), Schrander, F. (author), Schut, M.W. (author), Orešković, K. (author), Mildner, B. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)PLD-118 is a novel, oral antifungal drug, under development for the treatment of Candida infections. Possible metabolism of PLD-118 by rat, dog and human S9 liver homogenates and inhibition of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes were investigated. PLD-118 (10 and 100 μm) incubated for 0-60 min with S9 fractions and NADPH was determined by HPLC,...article 2005
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Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), Meuling, W.J.A. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Freidig, A.P. (author), Bessems, J.G.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The health risks of inhalation exposure to volatile organic solvents may not only depend on the total external dose, but also on the pattern of exposure. It has been suggested that exposure to regularly occurring peak concentrations may have a stronger impact on the brain than constant exposure at the same average level. Recent animal...article 2005
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- Eskes, C. (author), Bessou, S. (author), Bruner, L. (author), Curren, R. (author), Harbell, J. (author), Jones, P. (author), Kreiling, R. (author), Liebsch, M. (author), McNamee, P. (author), Pape, W. (author), Prinsen, M.K. (author), Seidle, T. (author), Vanparys, P. (author), Worth, A. (author), Zuang, V. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2005