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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Reus, A.A. (author), Usta, M. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author)As a result of the chemical legislation concerning the registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals (REACH), and the Seventh Amendment to the Cosmetics Directive, which prohibits animal testing in Europe for cosmetics, alternative methods for safety evaluation of chemicals are urgently needed. Current in vitro...article 2012
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- van Lummel, M. (author), van Blitterswijk, W.J. (author), Vink, S.R. (author), Veldman, R.J. (author), van der Valk, M.A. (author), Schipper, D. (author), Dicheva, B.M. (author), Eggermont, A.M.M. (author), ten Hagen, T.L.M. (author), Verheij, M. (author), Koning, G.A. (author) article 2011
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Hartung, T. (author), Blaauboer, B.J. (author), Bosgra, S. (author), Carney, E. (author), Coenen, J. (author), Conolly, R.B. (author), Corsini, E. (author), Green, S. (author), Faustman, E.M. (author), Gaspari, A. (author), Hayashi, M. (author), Hayes, A.W. (author), Hengstler, J.G. (author), Knudsen, L.E. (author), Knudsen, T.B. (author), McKim, J.M. (author), Pfaller, W. (author), Roggen, E.L. (author)The European cosmetics legislation foresees a review in 2011 and possible postponement of the 2013 marketing ban to enforce the testing ban for systemic and repeated-dose animal tests. For this purpose, a 119-page report commissioned by the European Commission was published recently. Here, a group of 17 independent experts from the US, Europe,...article 2011
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Reus, A.A. (author), van Meeuwen, R.N.C. (author), de Vogel, N. (author), Maas, W.J.M. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author)Photosafety testing is of concern for the evaluation of personal care products and pharmaceuticals. Current regulatory guidance state that photosafety should be evaluated for compounds that absorb radiation between 290 and 700 nm with relevant exposure in the skin or eyes. However, oversensitivity and the occurrence of 'pseudo-effects' with...article 2011
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Marquart, H. (author), Schneider, T. (author), Goede, H. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Warren, N. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Spaan, S. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)There is a large variety of activities in workplaces that can lead to emission of substances. Coding systems based on determinants of emission have so far not been developed. In this paper, a system of Activity Classes and Activity Subclasses is proposed for categorizing activities involving chemical use. Activity Classes share their so-called ...article 2011
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Koek, M.M. (author), van der Kloet, F.M. (author), Kleemann, R. (author), Kooistra, T. (author), Verheij, E.R. (author), Hankemeier, T. (author)Due to the complexity of typical metabolomics samples and the many steps required to obtain quantitative data in GC × GC-MS consisting of deconvolution, peak picking, peak merging, and integration, the unbiased non-target quantification of GC × GC-MS data still poses a major challenge in metabolomics analysis. The feasibility of using...article 2011
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Kleemann, R. (author), Bureeva, S. (author), Perlina, A. (author), Kaput, J. (author), Verschuren, L. (author), Wielinga, P.Y. (author), Hurt-Camejo, E. (author), Nikolsky, Y. (author), van Ommen, B. (author), Kooistra, T. (author)Successful drug development has been hampered by a limited understanding of how to translate laboratory-based biological discoveries into safe and effective medicines. We have developed a generic method for predicting the effects of drugs on biological processes. Information derived from the chemical structure and experimental omics data from...article 2011
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Tonk, E.C.M. (author), de Groot, D.M.G. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Waalkens-Berendsen, I.D.H. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Piersma, A.H. (author), van Loveren, H. (author)Developmental immunotoxicity assessment is considered ready for inclusion in developmental toxicity studies. Further evaluation of proposed and additional assays is needed to determine their utility in assessing developmental immunotoxicity. In this study, a wide range of immunological parameters was included in an extended one-generation...article 2011
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Zuurmond, A.M. (author), Koudijs, A. (author), van El, B. (author), Doornbos, R.P. (author), van Manen-Vernooij, B.C.T. (author), Bastiaans, J.H.M.W. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), van Bilsen, J.H.M. (author), Cnubben, N.H.P. (author), de Groot, J. (author)Pharmacokinetic properties and safety profile of a drug are likely influenced by the disease state of a patient. In this study, we investigated the influence of arthritic processes on pharmacokinetics and immunotoxicity of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra) in the rat adjuvant arthritis model. Anakinra dose-dependently suppressed joint...article 2011
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Louisse, J. (author), Gönen, S. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), Verwei, M. (author)The present study determines the relative developmental toxicity potencies of retinoids in the embryonic stem (ES)-D3 cell differentiation assay of the embryonic stem cell test, and compares the outcomes with their relative potencies in in vivo and two other in vitro assays for developmental toxicity. The results reveal that the potency ranking...article 2011
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Marquart, H. (author), Meijster, T. (author), van de Bovenkamp, M. (author), ter Burg, W. (author), Spaan, S. (author), van Engelen, J. (author)Within the REACH framework, but alsowithin OECD, there is understanding that for reasons of animal welfare, costs and logistics, it is important to limit the number of tests to be conducted. Exposure-based waiving (EBW) is a potentially important element in testing strategies. This publication describes criteria for exposure- based waiving as...article 2011
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van Triel, J.J. (author), van Bree, B.W.J. (author), Roberts, D.W. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Duistermaat, E. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author)Previously, a selection of low molecular weight contact and respiratory allergens had tested positive in both a skin and a respiratory local lymph node assay (LLNA), but formaldehyde was negative for sensitization by inhalation. To investigate whether this was due to intrinsic properties of aldehyde sensitizers, the structurally related allergen...article 2011
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de Koning, M.C. (author), Joosen, M.J.A. (author), Noort, D. (author), van Zuylen, A. (author), Tromp, M.C. (author)A conceptually novel approach to the design of reactivators of nerve agent-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is presented. The concept comprises the linkage of a peripheral site ligand via a spacer to a reactivating moiety with the eventual goal to develop non-ionic reactivators with sufficient affinity for AChE to induce reactivation and...article 2011
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Kuper, C.F. (author), Radonjic, M. (author), van Triel, J. (author), Stierum, R. (author), de Groot, R.J. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author)Oxazolone (OXA) is a potent contact allergen in man, and it is used as a model Th1-allergen to test (Q)SAR's and screening assays for allergenic potential of chemicals. However, it elevates serum IgE levels and Thelper2 cytokines at relatively low doses in test animals, suggesting that it has also respiratory allergenic potential. The lack of...article 2011
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van Kempen, E. (author), van Kamp, I. (author), Nilsson, M. (author), Lammers, J. (author), Emmen, H. (author), Clark, C. (author), Stansfeld, S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)On the basis of this study it cannot be ruled out that the appraisal of the noise affects the association between air and road traffic noise exposure and children's health and cognition. However, the conclusion is limited due to the relatively small group of annoyed children, which may have influenced our group comparisons. Furthermore, the...article 2010
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Rubingh, C. (author), Thissen, U. (author), van de Voort Maarschalk, K. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Statistics are often viewed as confusing and complicated, but multivariate data analysis (MVA) methods can be used to amass knowledge simply. MVA can increase the quality and yield of production processes by elucidating hidden knowledge and identifying opportunities for adaptation using historical or routine data. An application in...article 2010
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Lamb, J. (author), Hentz, K. (author), Schmitt, D. (author), Tran, N. (author), Jonker, D. (author), Junker, K. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The toxicity of sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL) was examined in Wistar rats fed diets containing 0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5% SSL for one year, equivalent to mean daily intakes of 558, 1115, and 2214. mg/kg/day in males and 670, 1339, and 2641. mg/kg/day in females, respectively. SSL was well tolerated at these dietary levels as evidenced by the absence...article 2010
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Jonker, D. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Maquet, V. (author), Nollevaux, G. (author), Gautier, S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Chitin-glucan is an insoluble biopolymer, composed of chitin and beta-(1,3)-d-glucan, that is a component of the fungal cell wall. This study was conducted to assess the safety of chitin-glucan from the mycelium of Aspergillus niger (Artinia™ brand) for use as dietary supplement and food ingredient. Chitin-glucan was fed to Wistar rats (20/sex...article 2010
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- Vermeire, Th. (author), van de Bovenkamp, M. (author), Bruinen de Bruin, Y. (author), Delmaar, Ch. (author), van Engelen, J. (author), Escher, S. (author), Marquart, H. (author), Meijster, T. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2010
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Jacobs, E.J. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Irritant-induced inflammation of the airways may aggravate respiratory allergy induced by chemical respiratory allergens. Therefore, it was studied whether airway irritation by sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) would enhance respiratory allergic reactions to trimellitic anhydride (TMA), using a rat model. Brown Norway (BN) rats were topically...article 2010