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Sartorelli, P. (author), Andersen, H.R. (author), Angerer, J. (author), Corish, J. (author), Drexler, H. (author), Göen, T. (author), Griffin, P. (author), Hotchkiss, S.A.M. (author), Larese, F. (author), Montomoli, L. (author), Perkins, J. (author), Schmelz, M. (author), van de Sandt, J. (author), Williams, F. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)During the last few years the general interest in the percutaneous absorption of chemicals has increased. It is generally accepted that there is very few reliable quantitative and qualitative data on dermal exposure to chemicals in the general population and in occupationally exposed workers. In order to predict the systemic risk of dermally...article 2000
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van Nieuw Amerongen, G.P. (author), Vermeer, M.A. (author), Negre-Aminou, P. (author), Lankelma, J. (author), Emeis, J.J. (author), van Hinsbergh, V.W.M. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)Background - Recent clinical trials have established that inhibitors of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (statins) reduce the risk of acute coronary events. These effects of statins cannot be fully explained by their lipid-lowering potential. Improved endothelial function may contribute to the positive effects of statin...article 2000
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van Nieuw Amerongen, G.P. (author), Delft, S.V. (author), Vermeer, M.A. (author), Collard, J.G. (author), van Hinsbergh, V.W.M. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)Endothelial cells (ECs) actively regulate the extravasation of blood constituents. On stimulation by vasoactive agents and thrombin, ECs change their cytoskeletal architecture and small gaps are formed between neighboring cells. These changes partly depend on a rise in [Ca2+](i) and activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain...article 2000
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van Nieuw Amerongen, G.P. (author), Vermeer, M.A. (author), van Hinsbergh, V.W. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)In the present study, the roles of the small GTPase RhoA and its target Rho kinase in endothelial permeability were investigated in vitro. We have shown previously that, in addition to a rise in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), RhoA is involved in the prolonged thrombin-induced barrier dysfunction. To study the role of RhoA...article 2000
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Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author), Huisman, I.H. (author), Prádanos, P. (author), Hernández, A. (author)It was studied how protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions influence the filtration performance during the ultrafiltration of protein solutions over polymeric membranes. This was done by measuring flux, streaming potential, and protein transmission during filtration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions at various pH values using...article 2000
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Havenith, G. (author), Holmér, I. (author), den Hartog, E.A. (author), Parsons, K.C. (author), TNO Human Factors Research Institute (author)Clothing heat and vapour resistances are important inputs for standards and models dealing with thermal comfort, heat- and cold-stress. A vast database of static clothing heat resistance values is available, and this was recently expanded with correction equations to account for effects of movement and wind on the static value of heat resistance...article 1999
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Effects of cadmium chloride on the paracellular barrier function of intestinal epithelial cell linesDuizer, E. (author), Gilde, A.J. (author), Versantvoort, C.H.M. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)In the present study we characterized the functional and structural disruption of the paracellular barrier of intestinal epithelium in vitro in relation to cytotoxicity after apical Cd2+ exposure. For that purpose filter-grown Caco-2 and IEC-18 cells were apically exposed to 5 to 100 μM CdCl2 for 4 or 14 h. It was found that the effects of Cd2+...article 1999
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Brocken, H.J.P. (author), Larbi, J.A. (author), Pel, L. (author), van der Pers, N.M. (author), TNO Bouw (author)The formation of cured mortar structure in masonry was studied using multiple experimental techniques. Starting with fresh mortar, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to measure the water extraction during brick laying. After curing, the composition of cured mortar was investigated with polarizing and fluorescent microscopy (PFM) and X-Ray...article 1999
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Knippels, L.M.J. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Smit, J.J. (author), Houben, G.F. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Although several in vivo antigenicity assays using parenteral immunization are operational, no full validated enteral models are available to study food allergy and allergenicity of food proteins. To further validate a developed enteral Brown Norway (BN) rat food allergy model, systemic and local immune-mediated reactions were studied upon oral...article 1999
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TNO Technische Menskunde (author), den Hartog, E.A. (author), Wammes, L.J.A. (author)Uit dit onderzoek is gebleken dat een verhoogde luchtdoorlaatbaarheid in de hitte niet leidt tot verlaging van de warmtebelasting. De verbeterde zweetverdamping wordt gecompenseerd door een grotere droge warmtetoevoer.conference paper 1999
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Vroon, Z.A.E.P. (author), Keizer, K. (author), Burggraaf, A.J. (author), Verweij, H. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)Thin (2-7 μm) polycrystalline randomly-oriented zeolite MFI membranes were prepared on an α-Al2O3 support by one or more subsequent hydrothermal treatments. Different particle sizes (275-700 nm) in the layer were achieved by changing the synthesis temperature (371-459 K). Zeolite membranes, prepared by two subsequent hydrothermal treatments have...article 1998
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van Beusekom, H.M.M. (author), Whelan, D.M. (author), Hofma, S.H. (author), Krabbendam, S.C. (author), van Hinsbergh, V.W.M. (author), Verdouw, P.D. (author), van der Giessen, W.J. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)Objectives. To compare percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and stent implantation with respect to the long-term changes they induce in the newly formed endothelium in porcine coronary arteries by studying both morphological and functional parameters of the endothelium at 2 weeks and 3 months after intervention. Background....article 1998
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van Nieuw Amerongen, G.P. (author), Draijer, R. (author), Vermeer, M.A. (author), van Hinsbergh, V.W.M. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)In the present study, we differentiated between short- and long-term effects of vasoactive compounds on human endothelial permeability in an in vitro model. Histamine induced a rapid and transient (<3 minutes) decrease in barrier function, as evidenced by a decreased transendothelial electrical resistance and an increased passage of 22Na ions....article 1998
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Keizer, K. (author), Burggraaf, A.J. (author), Vroon, Z.A.E.P. (author), Verweij, H. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)Two component permeation measurements have been performed by the Wicke-Kallenbach method on a thin (3 μm) zeolite MFI (Silicalite-1) membrane with molecules of different kinetic diameters, d(k). The membrane was supported by a flat porous α-Al2O3 substrate. The results obtained could be classified in six regimes based on differences in:...article 1998
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Burggraaf, A.J. (author), Vroon, Z.A.E.P. (author), Keizer, K. (author), Verweij, H. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)The permeation of a series of gases with widely different Lennard-Jones kinetic diameters and sorption properties is investigated as a function of feed pressure (up to 100 kPa) and temperature (298-473 K) with two different methods. The membrane system studied consists of an MFI (silicalite) top-layer (thickness 3 μm) directly grown on an α...article 1998
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Thijsse, T.R. (author), Duyzer, J.H. (author), Verhagen, H.L.M. (author), Wyers, G.P. (author), Wayers, A. (author), Möls, J.J. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author)Results of a study to evaluate the suitability of passive samplers for the measurement of monthly averaged ammonia concentrations are presented. Five different samplers were tested. Four were diffusion tube samplers which differed in length and in the way they were modified to minimize disturbing effects of wind turbulence. Also tested was a...conference paper 1998
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- van Hinsbergh, V.W.M. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author) article 1997
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Gee, J.M. (author), Wal, J.M. (author), Miller, K. (author), Atkinson, H. (author), Grigoriadou, F. (author), Wijnands, M.V.W. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Wortley, G. (author), Johnson, I.T. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The ability of saponins and glycoalkaloids to permeabilise the mammalian intestinal barrier has been previously demonstrated in vitro, leading to the hypothesis that membranolytic saponins may facilitate transfer to the tissues of otherwise excluded macromolecules. An enhanced uptake of, for instance, potentially allergenic species from the...article 1997
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de Vries, J. (author), Polder, R.B. (author), TNO Bouw (author)As part of the maintenance policy of the dutch Ministry of Transport, Civil Engineering Division, hydrophobic treatment of concrete was considered as an additional protective measure against penetration of aggressive substances, for instance deicing salts in bridge decks. A set of tests was designed to determine the performance of commercial...article 1997
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Chamberlain, M. (author), Gad, S.C. (author), Gautheron, P. (author), Prinsen, M.K. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)The brief of the Organotypic Models Working Group was to review data submitted to the Interagency Regulatory Alternatives Group on the use of isolated eyes and components of the eye used to predict eye irritation potential. Data submissions were received on four test systems: the isolated rabbit eye (one submission), the isolated chicken eye ...article 1997