- document
-
Huck, A. (author), de Groot, P. (author), Simmelink, E. (author), Vandeweijer, V.P. (author), Willemsen, A. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The city of The Hague intends to use geothermal energy to heat approx. 4000 houses in a planned urban development area called The Hague South-West. This paper describes the application of advanced seismic interpretation workflows to help positioning a geothermal doublet consisting of one injector - and one producer well. An existing 3D seismic...conference paper 2009
- document
-
Giger, S.G. (author), ter Heege, J.H. (author), Clennell, M.B. (author), Wassing, B.B.T. (author), Ciftci, N.B. (author), Delle Piane, C. (author), Harbers, C. (author), Clark, P. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)A new type of fluid cell has been developed to allow for direct shear deformation of very large and cohesive rock samples under sealed conditions. Rock samples consist of a low-permeability clay or shale layer, which is embedded in porous quartz sandstone to mimic a reservoir-seal pair. The cell is specifically designed to monitor changes of...conference paper 2009
- document
-
Krymskaya, M.V. (author), Hanea, R.G. (author), Verlaan, M. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The study has been focused on examining the usage and the applicability of ensemble Kalman filtering techniques to the history matching procedures. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is often applied nowadays to solving such a problem. Meanwhile, traditional EnKF requires assumption of the distribution's normality. Besides, it is based on the...article 2009
- document
-
Gryzlov, A. (author), Leskens, M. (author), Mudde, R.F. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)An assessment of the time-integration scheme impact on results of data assimilation based on the extended Kalman filter approach is performed. The use of the implicit Euler scheme, which is unconditionally stable for the whole range of time steps both for the model and covariance update, results in a less accurate estimation of permeability...conference paper 2009
- document
-
Abu-Zahra, M.R.M. (author), Feron, P.H.M. (author), Jansens, P.J. (author), Goetheer, E.L.V. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)This work describes a study in advanced post-combustion based on CO2-capture technologies to be integrated within the Hypogyny concept (electricity generation with co-hydrogen production). Two different Hypogen concepts based on integrating IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) and post-combusting CO2 capture are proposed and...article 2009
- document
-
Bastiaansen-Jenniskens, Y.M. (author), Koevoet, W. (author), de Bart, A.C.W. (author), van der Linden, J.C. (author), Zuurmond, A.M. (author), Weinans, H. (author), Verhaar, J.A.N. (author), van Osch, G.J.V.M. (author), de Groot, J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: Damage to articular cartilage is one of the features of osteoarthritis (OA). Cartilage damage is characterised by a net loss of collagen and proteoglycans. The collagen network is considered highly important for cartilage function but little is known about processes that control composition and function of the cartilage collagen...article 2008
- document
-
Bröde, P. (author), Havenith, G. (author), Wang, X. (author), Candas, V. (author), den Hartog, E.A. (author), Griefahn, B. (author), Holmér, I. (author), Kuklane, K. (author), Meinander, H. (author), Nocker, W. (author), Richards, M. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)In order to assess the non-evaporative components of the reduced thermal insulation of wet clothing, experiments were performed with a manikin and with human subjects in which two layers of underwear separated by an impermeable barrier were worn under an impermeable overgarment at 20°C, 80% RH and 0.5 ms-1 air velocity. By comparing manikin...article 2008
- document
-
Lawniczak, W. (author), Hanea, R.G. (author), Heemink, A.W. (author), McLaughlin, D. (author), Jansen, J.D. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Since the first version of Kalman Filter was introduced in 1960 it received a lot of attention in mathematical and engineering world. There are many successful successors like for example Ensemble Kalman Filter (Evensen 1996) which has been applied also for reservoir engineering problems. The method proposed in [Zhou et al. 2007] draws together...conference paper 2008
- document
-
Hamer, H.M. (author), Jonkers, D. (author), Venema, K. (author), Vanhoutvin, S. (author), Troost, F.J. (author), Brummer, R.J. (author)Background: Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, is a main end-product of intestinal microbial fermentation of mainly dietary fibre. Butyrate is an important energy source for intestinal epithelial cells and plays a role in the maintenance of colonic homeostasis. Aim: To provide an overview on the present knowledge of the bioactivity of butyrate,...article 2008
- document
-
Brouwer, G.K. (author), Fokker, P.A. (author), Wilschut, F. (author), Zijl, W. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The determination of the permeability field from pressure and flow rate measurements in wells is a key problem in reservoir engineering. This paper presents a Double Constraint method for inverse modeling that is an example of direct inverse modeling. The method is used with a standard block-centered finite difference method. With an a priori...article 2008
- document
-
Zijl, W. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Homogeneous effective permeabilities in the near-well region are generally obtained using analytical solutions for transient flow. In contrast, this paper focuses on heterogeneous permeability obtained from steady flow solutions, although extensions to unsteady flow are introduced too. Exterior calculus and its discretized form have been used as...article 2007
- document
-
Buist, H.E. (author), de Heer, C. (author), van Burgsteden, J.A. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The in vitro dermal absorption kinetics of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) was studied after single and multiple exposure. In addition, the influence of biocidal formulations on the absorption of DDAC was investigated. Following dermal exposure to DDAC in aqueous solution, less than 0.5% of the applied dose reached the receptor fluid...article 2007
- document
-
van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Dellarco, M. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Exposure scenarios form an essential basis for chemical risk assessment reports under the new EU chemicals regulation REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and restriction of Chemicals). In case the dermal route of exposure is predominant, information on both exposure and dermal bioavailability is necessary for a proper risk assessment....article 2007
- document
-
Wilkinson, S.C. (author), Maas, W.J.M. (author), Nielsen, J.B. (author), Greaves, L.C. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Williams, F.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO Voeding (author)Objectives: To determine the effect of skin thickness on the percutaneous penetration and distribution of test compounds with varying physicochemical properties using in vitro systems. Studies were carried out in accordance with OECD guidelines on skin absorption tests. Methods: Percutaneous penetration of caffeine (log P -0.01), testosterone ...article 2006
- document
-
Jenniskens, Y.M. (author), Koevoet, W. (author), de Bart, A.C.W. (author), Weinans, H. (author), Jahr, H. (author), Verhaar, J.A.N. (author), de Groot, J. (author), van Osch, G.J.V.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objective: Examine effects of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) on proteoglycan and collagen network and biomechanical properties of the newly formed cartilage matrix. Methods: Bovine articular chondrocytes were cultured in alginate beads for 3 weeks with or without...article 2006
- document
-
Verweij, H. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Information on the sedimentary development, seismic stratigraphy and burial compaction of the Chalk Group in the Netherlands North Sea was combined with pressure data and basin modelling to investigate the hydraulic behaviour of the Chalk Group in the Central Graben and Schill Grund High. The preliminary results of this integrated study indicate...article 2006
- document
-
Schutte, M.E. (author), Freidig, A.P. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Alink, G.M. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The present study describes the effect of different flavonoids on the absorption of the pro-carcinogen PhIP through Caco-2 monolayers and the development of an in silico model describing this process taking into account passive diffusion and active transport of PhIP. Various flavonoids stimulated the apical to basolateral PhIP transport. Using...article 2006
- document
-
Schutte, M.E. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Alink, G.M. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The effect of the flavonoid myricetin on the transport of the pro-carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) through differentiated Caco-2 monolayers, a model for the intestinal epithelium, is described. Myricetin causes an increase of the transport of PhIP from the apical to the basolateral compartment. This effect was...article 2006
- document
- Eskes, C. (author), Bessou, S. (author), Bruner, L. (author), Curren, R. (author), Harbell, J. (author), Jones, P. (author), Kreiling, R. (author), Liebsch, M. (author), McNamee, P. (author), Pape, W. (author), Prinsen, M.K. (author), Seidle, T. (author), Vanparys, P. (author), Worth, A. (author), Zuang, V. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2005
- document
-
van Wendel de Joode, B. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Vermeulen, R. (author), Wegh, H. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Charcoal cloth pads have been used to assess volatile chemicals on the skin in a laboratory setting; however, they have not yet been applied to measure dermal exposure in occupational settings. This study aimed at evaluating whether charcoal pads can be used to assess dermal exposure to benzene and toluene in workers of a petrochemical plant....article 2005