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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Ranada Shaw, A. (author), Gorriti, A. (author), Schoolderman, A.J. (author), Rhebergen, J.B. (author)In this paper results are presented of a study on the performance of a dual-sensor landmine detector and its dependency on soil moisture. The detector was used on a trial site in the K5 mine belt in Cambodia. Soil samples were taken from the trial lane, as well as GPR measurements. The data obtained from these soil samples and field measurements...conference paper 2006
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Meuling, W.J. (author), Ravensberg, L.C. (author), Roza, L. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objective: The methods and results are described of a study on the dermal absorption of chlorpyrifos (CPF) in humans established via urinary excretion of the metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP). Methods: Two dermal, single, doses of CPF were applied in two study groups (A and B) each comprising three apparently healthy male volunteers...article 2005
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Buist, H.E. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), van Burgsteden, J.A. (author), de Heer, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The dermal route of exposure is important in worker exposure to biocidal products. Many biocidal active substances which are used on a daily basis may decrease the barrier function of the skin to a larger extent than current risk assessment practice addresses, due to possible skin effects of repeated exposure. The influence of repeated and...article 2005
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Kovalenko, V. (author), Yarovoy, A. (author), Ligthart, L.P. (author), Hakkaart, P. (author), Rhebergen, J.B. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)The results of the measurement campaign held during the autumn of 2004 in a sand pit located at the TNO-DS&S (formerly known as TNO Physics and Electronics Laboratory (FEL)) GPR test facility "Waalsdorp" in The Hague, The Netherlands, are presented. Some contamination of the sand in the pit with small scatterers (e.g. sea shells) comparable in...conference paper 2005
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Rhebergen, J.B. (author), Ralston, J.M. (author)With the emergence of commercially available multisensor mine detection systems, the need for standardised test and evaluation procedures becomes more pressing. For metal detectors this already has been established and is laid down in the CEN workshop document CWA14747:2003 [1]. The ITEP multisensor working group has taken the first step towards...conference paper 2005
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Rhebergen, J.B. (author), van Wijk, R. (author)During the past couple of years, several GPR data sets have been acquired at the TNO-FEL test-site "Waalsdorp". Simultaneously a detection algorithm, based on autoregressive modelling has been developed and implemented. This algorithm first determines a measure of the information content of data from known mine locations, by means of minimum...conference paper 2004
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Rijken, D.C. (author), Barrett-Bergshoeff, M.M. (author), Jie, A.F.H. (author), Criscuoli, M. (author), Sakharov, D.V. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)Amediplase (K2tu-PA) is a hybrid plasminogen activator, consisting of the kringle 2 domain of alteplase and the protease domain of urokinase. The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro clot penetration of amediplase in relation to its fibrin binding and to compare the properties with those of alteplase. The clot lysis activity of...article 2004
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van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), van Burgsteden, J.A. (author), Cage, S. (author), Carmichael, P.L. (author), Dick, I. (author), Kenyon, S. (author), Korinth, G. (author), Larese, F. (author), Limasset, J.C. (author), Maas, W.J.M. (author), Montomoli, L. (author), Nielsen, J.B. (author), Payan, J.-P. (author), Robinson, E. (author), Sartorelli, P. (author), Schaller, K.H. (author), Wilkinson, S.C. (author), Williams, F.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)To obtain better insight into the robustness of in vitro percutaneous absorption methodology, the intra- and inter-laboratory variation in this type of study was investigated in 10 European laboratories. To this purpose, the in vitro absorption of three compounds through human skin (9 laboratories) and rat skin (1 laboratory) was determined. The...article 2004
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TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author), Rhebergen, J.B. (author), Lensen, H.A. (author), van Wijk, C.V. (author), Hendrickx, J.M.H. (author), van Dam, R. (author), Borchers, B. (author)In previous work we have shown that GPR signatures are affected by soil texture and soil water content. In this contribution we will use a three dimensional electromagnetic model and a hydrological soil model to explore in more detail the relationships between GPR signatures, soil physical conditions and GPR detection performance. First, we will...conference paper 2004
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Buynevich, I.V. (author), Fitzgerald, D.M. (author), van Heteren, S. (author)Coastal-morphological, geophysical (ground-penetrating radar [GPR]), and sedimentological data document extreme storm events along the sandy barriers of Maine's south-central (Hunnewell and Flat Point barriers) and southwestern (Saco Bay barriers) coastal compartments. The Hunnewell barrier contains four equally spaced buried storm scarps behind...article 2004
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Milisavljević, N. (author), Bloch, I. (author), van den Broek, S.P. (author), Acheroy, M. (author), TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author)A methodfor modeling andcombination of measures extractedfrom a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in terms of belief functions within the Dempster-Shafer framework is presentedandillustratedon a real GPR data set. A starting point in the analysis is a preprocessed C-scan of a sand-lane containing some mines andfalse alarms. In order to improve the...article 2003
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Hendrickx, J.M.H. (author), Hong, S.H. (author), Miller, T. (author), Borchers, B. (author), Rhebergen, J.B. (author), TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author)Landmines are a major problem in many areas of the world. In spite of the fact that many different types of landmine sensors have been developed, the detection of non-metallic landmines remains very difficult. The objective of this contribution is to synthesize our work related to the effects of soil texture and soil water content on the...bookPart 2003
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Schuhmacher-Wolz, U. (author), Kalberlah, F. (author), Oppl, R. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The toxicological background for hazard assessment using a simple to use toolkit for assessment and management of health risks from occupational dermal exposure is presented. Hazard assessment is intended to answer the following questions: (i) is the substance under consideration capable of damaging the skin; (ii) is the substance under...article 2003
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Cremer, F. (author), de Jong, W. (author), Schutte, K. (author), TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author)Currently no single sensor reaches the performance requirements for humanitarian landmine detection, Using sensor-fusion methods, multiple sensors can be combined for improved detection performance. This paper focuses on the feature-level fusion procedure for a sensor combination consisting of a polarimetric infrared imaging sensor developed by...conference paper 2003
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Oppl, R. (author), Kalberlah, F. (author), Evans, P.G. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The European Research project RISKOFDERM (QLK4-CT-1999-01107) has two major goals. One is the development of a conceptual model for dermal risk assessment for regulatory purposes, such as the registration of new chemicals. The other goal is to develop a simple-to-use toolkit for assessment and management of health risks from occupational dermal...article 2003
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TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author), Schleijpen, H.M.A. (author)This paper gives an overview of the activities on research and development in the technology area for landmine detection in the Netherlands. The main players, their projects and the long term and short term project goals are presented. The projects cover the range from military applications to humanitarian demining. In the "conventional"...conference paper 2003
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TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author), Cremer, F. (author), de Jong, W. (author), Schutte, K. (author), Yarovoy, A.G. (author), Kovalenko, V. (author), Bloemenkamp, R.F. (author)Feature-level sensor fusion is the process where specific information (i.e. features) from objects detected by different sensors are combined and classified. This paper focuses on the feature-level fusion procedure for a sensor combination consisting of a polarimetric infrared (IR) imaging sensor and a GPR: a video impulse radar (VIR). The...conference paper 2003
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TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author), Hendrickx, J.M.H. (author), van Dam, R.L. (author), Borchers, B. (author), Curtis, J. (author), Lensen, H.A. (author), Harmon, R. (author)Ground penetrating radar and thermal sensors hold much promise for the detection of non-metallic land mines. In previous work we have shown that the performance of ground penetrating radar strongly depends on field soil conditions such as texture, water content, and soil-water salinity since these soil parameters determine the dielectric soil...conference paper 2003
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Cnubben, N.H.P. (author), Elliott, G.R. (author), Hakkert, B.C. (author), Meuling, W.J.A. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The validity of in vitro and in vivo methods for the prediction of percutaneous penetration in humans was assessed using the fungicide ortho-phenylphenol (OPP) (log Po/w 3.28, MW 170.8, solubility in water 0.7 g/L). In vivo studies were performed in rats and human volunteers, applying the test compound to the dorsal skin and the volar aspect of...article 2002
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TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author), Miller, T.W. (author), Borchers, B. (author), Hendrickx, J.M.H. (author), Hong, S.H. (author), Lensen, H.A. (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), Rhebergen, J.B. (author)Soil surface temperatures not only exhibit daily and annual cycles but also are very variable in space and time. Without knowledge of the spatial and temporal variability of soil surface temperatures, it will be difficult to determine what times of day are most suitable for mine detection using Thermal Infra Red (TIR) technology. In this study...conference paper 2002