document

Cool products for building envelope - Part I: Development and lab scale testing

Revel, G.M. (author), Martarelli, M. (author), Emiliani, M. (author), Gozalbo, A. (author), Orts, M.J. (author), Bengochea, M.T. (author), Guaita Delgado, L. (author), Gaki, A. (author), Katsiapi, A. (author), Taxiarchou, M. (author), Arabatzis, I. (author), Fasaki, I. (author), Hermanns, S. (author)

The paper describes the methodology followed for the development of new cool products in order to widen the range of existing solutions both including coloured (even dark) materials and extending the application also to building vertical components. Cool coloured ceramic tiles and acrylic paints for façades and roof membranes have been developed...

article 2014

document

Advanced REACH tool: A Bayesian model for occupational exposure assessment

McNally, K. (author), Warren, N. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Entink, R.K. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Van Tongeren, M. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Schneider, T. (author), Tielemans, E. (author)

This paper describes a Bayesian model for the assessment of inhalation exposures in an occupational setting; the methodology underpins a freely available web-based application for exposure assessment, the Advanced REACH Tool (ART). The ART is a higher tier exposure tool that combines disparate sources of information within a Bayesian statistical...

article 2014

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A brief review of environmentally benign antifouling and foul-release coatings for marine applications

Buskens, P.J.P. (author), Wouters, M.E.L. (author), Rentrop, C.H.A. (author), Vroon, Z.A.E.P. (author)

Antifouling coatings for ship hulls are a very important topic in coating research. They are essential with respect to fuel consumption of ships: without antifouling coating, biological species start to adhere to the ship's exterior, leading to a gradual increase in fuel consumption. To date, the working principle of most of the paint systems...

article 2013

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Development and evaluation of a biocide release system for prolonged antifungal activity in finishing materials

Eversdijk, J. (author), Erich, S.J.F. (author), Hermanns, S.P.M. (author), Adan, O.C.G. (author), de Bolle, M. (author), de Meyer, K. (author), Bylemans, D. (author), Bekker, M. (author), ten Cate, A.T. (author)

This paper focuses on the use of modified nano-clay particles as a controlled release system for biocides from building materials. Different (model) biocides were incorporated in a biocide/nano-clay composite and subsequently the release of the biocides was monitored under different environmental conditions. In addition, the biocide/clay...

article 2012

document

Different respiratory phenotypes are associated with isocyanate exposure in spray painters

Pronk, A. (author), Preller, L. (author), Doekes, G. (author), Wouters, I.M. (author), Rooijackers, J. (author), Lammers, J.-W. (author), Heederik, D. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

Associations have been observed between exposure to isocyanates, consisting mainly of oligomers, and respiratory symptoms and isocyanate specific sensitisation in spray painters. The aim of the present study was to assess associations between isocyanate exposure and more objective respiratory effect measures such as bronchial hyperresponsiveness...

article 2009

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The potential of nano-structured silicon oxide type coatings deposited by PACVD for control of aquatic biofouling

Akesso, L. (author), Pettitt, M.E. (author), Callow, J.A. (author), Callow, M.E. (author), Stallard, J. (author), Teer, D. (author), Liu, C. (author), Wang, S. (author), Zhao, Q. (author), D'Souza, F. (author), Willemsen, P.R. (author), Donnelly, G.T. (author), Donik, C. (author), Kocijan, A. (author), Jenko, M. (author), Jones, L.A. (author), Guinaldo, P.C. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)

SiOx-like coatings were deposited on glass slides from a hexamethylsiloxane precursor by plasma-assisted CVD (PACVD). Surface energies (23.1-45.7 mJ m-1) were correlated with the degree of surface oxidation and hydrocarbon contents. Tapping mode AFM revealed a range of surface topologies with Ra values 1.55-3.16 nm and RMS roughness 1.96-4.11 nm...

article 2009

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TGFbeta affects collagen cross-linking independent of chondrocyte phenotype but strongly depending on physical environment

TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Bastiaansen-Jenniskens, Y.M. (author), Koevoet, W. (author), de Bart, A.C.W. (author), Zuurmond, A.M. (author), Bank, R.A. (author), Verhaar, J.A.N. (author), de Groot, J. (author), van Osch, G.J.V.M. (author)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) is often used in cartilage tissue engineering to increase matrix formation by cells with various phenotypes. However, adverse effects of TGFbeta, such as extensive cross-linking in cultured fibroblasts, have also been reported. Our goal was to study effects of TGFbeta on collagen cross-linking and...

article 2008

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Elements that contribute to healthy building design

Loftness, V. (author), Hakkinen, B. (author), Adan, O. (author), Nevalainen, A. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)

Background: The elements that contribute to a healthy building are multifactorial and can be discussed from different perspectives. Objectives: We present three viewpoints of designing a healthy building: the importance of sustainable development, the role of occupants for ensuring indoor air quality, and ongoing developments related to indoor...

article 2007

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Occupational exposure during application and removal of antifouling paints

Links, I. (author), Jagt, K.E.V.D. (author), Christopher, Y. (author), Lurvink, M. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Hemmen, J.J.V. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

Exposure data on biocides are relatively rare in published literature, especially for secondary exposure. This is also the case for antifouling exposure. Therefore, a field study was carried out measuring exposure to antifouling paints. Both primary exposure (rolling and spraying) and secondary exposure (during sand blasting) were studied....

article 2007

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Respiratory symptoms, sensitization, and exposure-response relationships in spray painters exposed to isocyanates

Pronk, A. (author), Preller, L. (author), Raulf-Heimsoth, M. (author), Jonkers, I.C.L. (author), Lammers, J.-W. (author), Wouters, I.M. (author), Doekes, G. (author), Wisnewski, A.V. (author), Heederik, D. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

Rationale: Associations between oligomeric isocyanate exposure, sensitization, and respiratory disease have received little attention, despite the extensive use of isocyanate oligomers. Objectives: To investigate exposure-response relationships of respiratory symptoms and sensitization in a large population occupationally exposed to isocyanate...

article 2007

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Inhalation exposure to isocyanates of car body repair shop workers and industrial spray painters

Pronk, A. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Skarping, G. (author), Bobeldijk, I. (author), van Hemmen, J. (author), Heederik, D. (author), Preller, L. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

As part of a large-scale epidemiological study, occupational isocyanate exposure was assessed in spray-painting environments. The aim was to assess which compounds contribute to isocyanate exposure in car body repair shops and industrial painting companies, and to identify tasks with high risk of isocyanate exposure. Mainly personal task-based...

article 2006

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Default values for assessment of potential dermal exposure of the hands to industrial chemicals in the scope of regulatory risk assessments

Marquart, H. (author), Warren, N.D. (author), Laitinen, J. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

Dermal exposure needs to be addressed in regulatory risk assessment of chemicals. The models used so far are based on very limited data. The EU project RISKOFDERM has gathered a large number of new measurements on dermal exposure to industrial chemicals in various work situations, together with information on possible determinants of exposure....

article 2006

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Dermal, inhalation, and internal exposure to 1,6-HDI and its oligomers in car body repair shop workers and industrial spray painters

Pronk, A. (author), Yu, F. (author), Vlaanderen, J. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Preller, L. (author), Bobeldijk, I. (author), Deddens, J.A. (author), Latza, U. (author), Baur, X. (author), Heederik, D. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

Objectives: To study inhalation and dermal exposure to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and its oligomers as well as personal protection equipment (PPE) use during task performance in conjunction with urinary hexamethylene diamine (HDA) in car body repair shop workers and industrial spray painters. Methods: Personal task based inhalation samples...

article 2006

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Monitoring of the booster biocide dichlofluanid in water and marine sediment of Greek marinas

Hamwijk, C. (author), Schouten, A. (author), Foekema, E.M. (author), Ravensberg, J.C. (author), Collombon, M.T. (author), Schmidt, K. (author), Kugler, M. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)

Dichlofluanid (N-dichlorofluoromethylthio-N′-dimethyl-N- phenylsulphamide) is used as booster biocide in antifouling paints. The occurrence of dichlofluanid and its metabolite DMSA (N′-dimethyl-N-phenyl- sulphamide) was monitored in seawater and marine sediment from three Greek marinas. Seawater and sediment samples were collected at three...

article 2005

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An experimental study to investigate the feasibility to classify paints according to neurotoxicological risks: Occupational air requirement (OAR) and indoor use of alkyd paints

Brouwer, D.H. (author), de Pater, N.A.J. (author), Zomer, C. (author), Lurvink, M.W.M. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)

The concept of occupational air requirement (OAR), representing the quantity of air required to dilute the vapor concentration in the work environment resulting from 11 product to a concentration below the occupational exposure limit (OEL), was considered to have potential to discriminate between paints that can and cannot be used safely. The...

article 2005

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Dermal Exposure during Filling, Loading and Brushing with Products Containing 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol

Gijsbers, J.H.J. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Brouwer, D.H. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)

Introduction: Limited quantitative information is available on dermal exposure to chemicals during various industrial activities. Therefore, within the scope of the EU-funded RISKOFDERM project, potential dermal exposure was measured during three different tasks: filling, loading and brushing. DEGBE (2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol) was used as a ...

article 2004

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Characteristics of peaks of inhalation exposure to organic solvents

Preller, L. (author), Burstyn, I. (author), de Pater, N. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)

Objectives: To determine which exposure metrics are sufficient to characterize 'peak' inhalation exposure to organic solvents (OS) during spraying operations. Methods: Personal exposure measurements (n = 27; duration 5-159 min) were collected during application of paints, primers, resins and glues in 15 companies. A MiniRAE Photolonization...

article 2004

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Evaluation of a new scraper

Eikhout, S.M. (author), Bronkhorst, R.E. (author), van der Grinten, M.P. (author)

Paint scraping with the traditional triangular scraper is a tiring job causing hazardous forces and high wrist moments (Van Rhijn & Eikhout, 1998). As an answer to those problems the recently developed scraper has been designed with the end user in mind. This paper reviews a field study testing the new product with 20 professional painters. The...

conference paper 2001

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A dermal model for spray painters, part II: Estimating the deposition and uptake of solvents

Semple, S. (author), Brouwers, D.H. (author), Dick, F. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), TNO Voeding (author)

The contribution of dermal exposure to the total body burden of a given chemical is difficult to assess. However, it is possible that as regulatory pressures lead to reductions in inhalation exposure, the proportion of uptake via the dermal route will increase. This study brings together recent work in the field of dermal exposure to provide a...

article 2001

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A dermal model for spray painters, part I: Subjective exposure modelling of spray paint deposition

Brouwer, D.H. (author), Semple, S. (author), Marquart, J. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

The discriminative power of existing dermal exposure models is limited. Most models only allow occupational hygienists to rank workers between and within workplaces according to broad bands of dermal exposure. No allowance is made for the work practices of different individuals. In this study a process-based, structured approach has been used to...

article 2001