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Janssen, G.B. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Knippels, L.M.J. (author), van Zijverden, M. (author), Spanhaak, S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This paper describes studies performed with ERA-63 a low molecular weight pharmaceutical with intended immunomodulatory effects. Since this compound was also known to have estrogenic activity a non-conventional approach was taken in order to differentiate between estrogenic and non-estrogenic-induced immunomodulatory effects. EE was included not...article 2008
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Schijf, M.A. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Irritant-induced inflammation of the airways may aggravate respiratory allergy induced by chemical respiratory allergens. Therefore, the effect of airway irritation by synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) on respiratory allergy to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) was studied. Brown Norway (BN) rats were topically sensitized on day 0 and on day 7,...article 2008
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Stierum, R. (author), Conesa, A. (author), Heijne, W. (author), Ommen, B.v. (author), Junker, K. (author), Scott, M.P. (author), Price, R.J. (author), Meredith, C. (author), Lake, B.G. (author), Groten, J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), KvL (author)Transcriptomics was performed to gain insight into mechanisms of food additives butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), curcumin (CC), propyl gallate (PG), and thiabendazole (TB), additives for which interactions in the liver can not be excluded. Additives were administered in diets for 28 days to Sprague-Dawley rats and cDNA microarray experiments were...article 2008
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), de Jong, W.H. (author), van Triel, J.J. (author), Schijf, M.A. (author), de Klerk, A. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is used to test the potential of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds to induce sensitization via the skin. In the present study, a respiratory LLNA was developed. Male BALB/c mice were exposed head/nose-only during three consecutive days for 45, 90, 180, or 360 min/day to various LMW allergens. Ear application ...article 2008
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Blum, R. (author), Kiy, T. (author), Waalkens-Berendsen, I. (author), Wong, A.W. (author), Roberts, A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are natural constituents of the human diet. DHA-algal oil is produced through the use of the marine protist, Ulkenia sp. The reproductive toxicity of DHA-algal oil was assessed in a one-generation study. Rats were provided diets containing DHA-algal oil at concentrations of 1.5,...article 2007
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Appel, M.J. (author), van Veen, H.A. (author), Vietsch, H. (author), Salaheddine, M. (author), Nuijens, J.H. (author), Ziere, B. (author), de Loos, F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The oral toxicity of recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) produced in the milk of transgenic cows was investigated in Wistar rats by daily administration via oral gavage for 13 consecutive weeks, 7 days per week. The study used four groups of 20 rats/sex/dose. The control group received physiological saline and the three test groups received...article 2006
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Lina, B.A.R. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Suwa, Y. (author), Fujikawa, S. (author), Ishikura, Y. (author), Tsuda, S. (author), Dohnalek, M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are natural constituents found in human milk, fish oil or egg yolk. Until recently, infant formulas, though providing the essential fatty acid precursors for these PUFAs, did not contain preformed ARA or DHA. In this study the safety of SUNTGA40S...article 2006
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- de Roos, B. (author), Duivenvoorden, I. (author), Rucklidge, G. (author), Reid, M. (author), Ross, K. (author), Lamers, R.J.A.N. (author), Voshol, P.J. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), Teusink, B. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2005
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Lina, B. (author), Korte, H. (author), Nyman, L. (author), Unkila, M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Plant lignan 7-hydroxymatairesinol (7-HMR) is a novel precursor of the mammalian lignan enterolactone. A 13 week toxicity study at dietary levels of 0, 0.25, 1, and 4% (w/w) of potassium acetate complex of 7-HMR (HMRlignan) was conducted in the Wistar rat. These dietary levels resulted in an average daily intake of 160, 640, and 2600 mg...article 2005
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Heijne, W.H.M. (author), Jonker, D. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), van Ommen, B. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Benzene is an industrial chemical, component of automobile exhaust and cigarette smoke. After hepatic bioactivation benzene induces bone marrow, blood and hepatic toxicity. Using a toxicogenomics approach this study analysed the effects of benzene at three dose levels on gene expression in the liver after 28 daily doses. NMR based metabolomics...article 2005
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de Groot, D.M.G. (author), Hartgring, S. (author), van de Horst, L. (author), Moerkens, M. (author), Otto, M. (author), Bos-Kuijpers, M.H.M. (author), Kaufmann, W.S.H. (author), Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), O'Callaghan, J.P. (author), Waalkens-Berendsen, I.D.H. (author), Pakkenberg, B. (author), Gundersen, H.G. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)To evaluate the ability of a tiered quantitative morphological approach to reveal developmental neurotoxicity, morphometric parameters were measured in the offspring of rats treated with methylazoxymethanol (MAM) during days 13-15 of pregnancy. Treatment was aimed at inhibiting the proliferation phase of hippocampal neurons while leaving...article 2005
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Lina, B.A.R. (author), Kuijpers, M.H.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The effects of diet-induced acid-base disturbances were examined in 4-week, 13-week and 18-month toxicity studies, and in a 30-month carcinogenicity study. Rats were fed a natural ingredient diet (controls), supplemented with 2% or 4% KHCO3 (base-forming diets), or with 1% or 2.1% NH4Cl (acid-forming diets). Additional controls were fed 3% KCl ...article 2004
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Lina, B.A.R. (author), Bär, A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The toxicity of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), a cyclic polymer of six α-1,4-linked glucopyranosyl units with potential applications as a food ingredient, more specifically a water-soluble dietary fiber, was examined in a 4-week range finding study and a 13-week oral toxicity study in rats. In the 4-week study, the test substance was administered to...article 2004
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Lina, B.A.R. (author), Bär, A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The oral toxicity of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) was examined in a 13-week feeding study in which groups of Beagle dogs received α-CD in the diet at concentrations of 0 (control), 5, 10, or 20% (4dogs/sex/group). No treatment-related changes were noted in behavior or appearance of the dogs and no mortalities occurred. Diarrhea occurred in all α-CD...article 2004
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Germolec, D.R. (author), Kashon, M. (author), Nyska, A. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Portier, C. (author), Kommineni, C. (author), Johnson, K.A. (author), Luster, M.I. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The accuracy of extended histopathology to detect immunotoxic chemicals in female B6C3F1 mice was evaluated under the auspices of the National Toxicology Program (NTP). A workgroup was formed consisting of four pathologists who conducted extended histopathological evaluation of lymphoid tissues obtained from a subset of NTP toxicology studies,...article 2004
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Appel, M.J. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Bessems, J.G.M. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The subacute oral and inhalation toxicity of furfural vapour was studied in Fischer 344 rats to investigate whether route-to-route extrapolation could be employed to derive the limit value for inhalation exposure from oral toxicity data. Groups of 5 rats per sex were treated by gavage daily for 28 days at dose levels of 6-192 mg/kg bw/day, or...article 2004
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), de Koning, M.W. (author), Bloksma, N. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The present study investigated whether airway responses of sensitized rats to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) were concentration dependent and whether these were related to irritation by TMA. Groups of BN and Wistar rats were sensitized by two dermal applications of TMA (50% w/v, followed by 25% w/v in vehicle). Controls received vehicle (acetone...article 2004
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van Helden, H.P.M. (author), van de Meent, D. (author), Oostdijk, J.P. (author), Joosen, M.J.A. (author), van Esch, J.H.M. (author), Hammer, A.H. (author), Diemel, R.V. (author)Airborne exposure to lung-toxic agents may damage the lung surfactant system and epithelial and endothelial cells, resulting in a life-threatening pulmonary edema that is known to be refractory to treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate in rats (1) the respiratory injury caused by nose-only exposure to perfluoroisobutene (PFIB), and ...article 2004
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Bloksma, N. (author), Leusink-Muis, T. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author)Occupational exposure to low-molecular-weight (LMW) allergens such as acid anhydrides can result in occupational asthma, an allergic disease characterized by episodic airway obstruction, airways inflammation, and non specific airways hyperresponsiveness. Since LMW irritants can provoke rather similar effects and since most, if not all, LMW...article 2003
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Delaney, B. (author), Carlson, T. (author), Frazer, S. (author), Zheng, T. (author), Hess, R. (author), Ostergren, K. (author), Kierzek, K. (author), Haworth, J. (author), Knutson, N. (author), Junker, K. (author), Jonker, D. (author), TNO Voeding (author)β-Glucans are water-soluble cell-wall polysaccharides consisting of (1→3,1→4)-linked β-D-glucopyranosyl monomers that comprise a considerable proportion of soluble fiber from certain grains including oats and barley. Consumption of foods containing β-glucan or β-glucan-enriched fractions prepared from these grains lower serum cholesterol...article 2003