Improving well production performance by using realtime wash desalting planning tool WDPT in the North Sea

Due to natural depletion many mature fields are currently suffering from productivity issues due to halite precipitation in the North Sea. Main actions to prevent or solve this type of scaling issues include increasing flowing pressures (topside choking or velocity strings), but often considered easiest and most economical are fresh water washes...

In-line height profiling metrology sensor for zero defect production control

Contemporary production systems of mechanical precision parts show challenges as increased complexity, tolerances shrinking to sub-microns and yield losses that must be mastered to the extreme. More advanced automation and process control is required to accomplish this task. Often a solution based on feedforward/feedback control is chosen...

Physical and chemical degradation behavior of sputtered aluminum doped zinc oxide layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells

Sputtered aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) layers on borosilicate glass were exposed to damp heat (85 C/85% relative humidity) for 2876 h to accelerate the physical and chemical degradation behavior. The ZnO:Al samples were characterized by electrical, compositional and optical measurements before and after degradation. Hall measurements show...

Accurate measurement of directional emittance of solar-energy materials

Directional emittance plays an important role in the calculation of radiative heat exchange. It partly determines the thermal insulation of single and multiple glazing and the efficiency of solar collectors. An emissiometer has been designed and built, capable for measurements of the directional emittance at angles up to 85°. The emissiometer...