Mechanistic study on black and grey spot growth in OLEDs performed on laser-ablated pinholes in the cathode

Local laser ablation of the cathode of OLEDs has been applied to create a population of pinholes of the same size. This enables the direct comparison at different conditions of black spots and grey spots in the emission of OLEDs as a result of water ingress into the device. We confirmed earlier observations on the operational effect of black...

Mechanism of the operational effect of black spot growth in OLEDs

When organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are exposed to the ambient atmosphere, water penetration through pinholes in the cathode results in the formation of non-emissive areas (black spots) due to local oxidation of the cathode around the pinhole. This degradation effect severely limits the lifetime of OLED devices and requires high...

Optical countermeasures against human operators

Despite the advent of remotely operated and autonomous targeting systems, human (direct) vision is still critical for the successful performance of many tasks on the battlefield. Since high intensity light sources have the potential to generate a variety of disturbing visual effects, ranging from short-term disruption to lasting eye damage, they...

On operator effectiveness: The role of expertise and familiarity of environment on the detection of deviant behaviour

This paper examines factors contributing to the effectiveness of camera operators in urban camera surveillance. The use of camera surveillance has taken an enormous flight in the past decades. Despite this increase, its effectiveness is strongly debated. One reason for the disputed effectiveness may be that an understanding of how to use camera...

Effects of high power illuminators on vision through windscreens and driving behavior

In this study we investigated the effectiveness of high power illuminators that are intended to be used as warning devices or non-lethal weapons to deny car drivers their view on the outside world through windscreens. The test is based on a measurement of the amount of veiling glare resulting when a high intensity light source hits a windscreen....

Operator Functional State Assessment [L’évaluation de l’aptitude opérationnelle de l’opérateur humain]

The human operator is a crucial component of complex modern systems. The complexity of these systems, the rapid tempo of contemporary military operations and reduced staffing all contribute to the high cognitive demands experienced by military personnel. Unfortunately, these systems do not account for the functional state of the human operator....