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Jedynska, A. (author), Hoek, G. (author), Wang, M. (author), Eeftens, M. (author), Cyrys, J. (author), Keuken, M. (author), Ampe, C. (author), Beelen, R. (author), Cesaroni, G. (author), Forastiere, F. (author), Cirach, M. (author), de Hoogh, K. (author), de Nazelle, A. (author), Nystad, W. (author), Declercq, C. (author), Eriksen, K.T. (author), Dimakopoulou, K. (author), Lanki, T. (author), Meliefste, K. (author), Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J. (author), Yli-Tuomi, T. (author), Raaschou-Nielsen, O. (author), Brunekreef, B. (author), Kooter, I.M. (author)Land use regression (LUR) models have been used to model concentrations of mainly traffic-related air pollutants (nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM) mass or absorbance). Few LUR models are published of PM composition, whereas the interest in health effects related to particle composition is increasing. The aim of our study was to...article 2014
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Curier, R.L. (author), Kranenburg, R. (author), Segers, A.J.S. (author), Timmermans, R.M.A. (author), Schaap, M. (author)In this study trends in the tropospheric NO2 concentrations during 2005-2010 across Europe were derived from the synergistic use of OMI NO2 tropospheric columns and the chemistry transport model LOTOS-EUROS and were compared to reported NOx emissions. The chemistry transport model captures a large fraction of the variability in NO2 columns at a...article 2014
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Offermans, P. (author), Crego-Calama, M. (author), Brongersma, S.H. (author)Vertical InAs nanowires are contacted in situ using an air-bridge construction and functionalized with a metalloporphyrin (Hemin). The response of bare and functionalized vertical InAs nanowire arrays to ppb-level concentrations of NO2 and NO is demonstrated. Hemin enhances the response to NO whereas NO2 is also detected without...article 2012
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Andringa, A.-M. (author), Vlietstra, N. (author), Smits, E.C.P. (author), Spijkman, M.-J. (author), Gomes, H.L. (author), Klootwijk, J.H. (author), Blom, P.W.M. (author), de Leeuw, D.M. (author)Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) detection with ZnO field-effect transistors is based on charge carrier trapping. Here we investigate the dynamics of charge trapping and recovery as a function of temperature by monitoring the threshold voltage shift. The threshold voltage shifts follow a stretched-exponential time dependence with thermally activated...article 2012
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Berrier, A. (author), Offermans, P. (author), Cools, R. (author), van Megen, B. (author), Knoben, W. (author), Vecchi, G. (author), Rivas, J.G. (author), Crego-Calama, M. (author), Brongersma, S.H. (author)The development of sensing schemes for the detection of health-threatening gases is an attractive subject for research towards novel integrated autonomous sensor systems. We report here on a novel way of sensing NO\2 by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) using a gas-sensitive layer composed of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphine ...article 2011
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Granier, C. (author), Bessagnet, B. (author), Bond, T. (author), D'Angiola, A. (author), van der Gon, H.D. (author), Frost, G.J. (author), Heil, A. (author), Kaiser, J.W. (author), Kinne, S. (author), Klimont, Z. (author), Kloster, S. (author), Lamarque, J.-F. (author), Liousse, C. (author), Masui, T. (author), Meleux, F. (author), Mieville, A. (author), Ohara, T. (author), Raut, J.-C. (author), Riahi, K. (author), Schultz, M.G. (author), Smith, S.J. (author), Thompson, A. (author), van Aardenne, J. (author), van der Werf, G.R. (author), van Vuuren, D.P. (author)Several different inventories of global and regional anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions are assessed for the 1980-2010 period. The species considered in this study are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and black carbon. The inventories considered include the ACCMIP historical emissions developed in support of the...article 2011
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Willems, F.P.T. (author), Cloudt, R.P.M. (author)Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a promising diesel aftertreatment technology that enables low nitrogen oxides (NOx) tailpipe emissions with relatively low fuel consumption. Future emission legislation is pushing the boundaries for SCR control systems to achieve high NOx conversion within a tailpipe ammonia (NH3) slip constraint, and to...article 2011
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Andringa, A.-M. (author), Meijboom, J.R. (author), Smits, E.C.P. (author), Mathijssen, S.G.J. (author), Blom, P.W.M. (author), de Leeuw, D.M. (author)Detection of nitrogen dioxide, NO2, is required to monitor the air-quality for human health and safety. Commercial sensors are typically chemiresistors, however field-effect transistors are being investigated. Although numerous investigations have been reported, the NO2 sensing mechanism is not clear. Here, the detection mechanism using ZnO...article 2011
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Berrier, A. (author), Cools, R. (author), Arnold, C. (author), Offermans, P. (author), Crego-Calama, M. (author), Brongersma, S.H. (author), Gómez-Rivas, J. (author)We experimentally demonstrate the active control of the coupling strength between porphyrin dyes and surface plasmon polaritons supported by a thin gold layer. This control is externally exerted by a gas flow and is reversible. The hybridized exciton-polariton branches resulting from the exciton-plasmon coupling display a splitting proportional...article 2011
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Dragomir, O.E. (author), Tummers, M.J. (author), van Veen, E.H. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author), Roekaerts, D.J.E.M. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)This paper presents the results of a series of experiments on the condensed phase decomposition and the gas phase combustion of hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF). The experiments include SEM analysis of quenched samples that showed evidence of the formation of a foam layer. FTIR spectrometry and mass spectrometry provide details on species...article 2009
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Keuken, M. (author), Roemer, M. (author), van den Elshout, S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The annual air quality standard of NO2 is often exceeded in urban areas near heavy traffic locations. Despite significant decrease of NOx emissions in 1986-2005 in the industrial and harbour area near Rotterdam, NO2 concentrations at the urban background remain at the same level since the end of the nineties. Trend analysis of monitoring data...article 2009
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Smit, R. (author), Poelman, M. (author), Schrijver, J. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Does consideration of average speed distributions on roads-as compared to single mean speed-lead to different results in emission modelling of large road networks? To address this question, a post-processing method is developed to predict mean speed distributions using available traffic data from a dynamic macroscopic traffic model (Indy) that...article 2008
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Beerkens, R.G.C. (author), van Limpt, J.A.C. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)The mechanism of nitrogen oxide (NOx) formation in combustion chambers of glass furnaces is briefly described. The most important parameters governing the NOx emissions of glass furnaces are discussed. Elimination or minimisation of conditions that cause the formation of nitrogen oxides in regenerative furnaces have been tested in industrial...article 2008
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TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author), Pilegaard, K. (author), Skiba, U. (author), Ambus, P. (author), Beier, C. (author), Brüggemann, N. (author), Butterbach-Bahl, K. (author), Dick, J. (author), Dorsey, J. (author), Duyzer, J. (author), Gallagher, M. (author), Gasche, R. (author), Horvath, L. (author), Kitzler, B. (author), Leip, A. (author), Pihlatie, M.K. (author), Rosenkranz, P. (author), Seufert, G. (author), Vesala, T. (author), Westrate, H. (author), Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S. (author)Soil emissions of NO and N2O were measured continuously at high frequency for more than one year at 15 European forest sites as part of the EU-funded project NOFRETETE. The locations represent different forest types (coniferous/deciduous) and different nitrogen loads. Geographically they range from Finland in the north to Italy in the south and...article 2006
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Denier van der Gon, H.A.C. (author), Bleeker, A. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas produced in soils and aquatic systems. The UNFCCC requires participants to report 'indirect' N2O emissions, following from agricultural N losses to ground- and surface water and N deposition on (other) ecosystems due to agricultural sources. Indirect N2O emission due to atmospheric N deposition is...article 2005
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Ambelas Skjoth, C. (author), Hertel, O. (author), Vignati, E. (author), Pedersen, B. (author), Klein, L. (author), de Leeuw, G. (author), Spokes, L. (author), Jickells, T. (author), Schulz, M. (author), Sorensen, L. (author), Schluenzen, K.H. (author), Tamm, S. (author), TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author)The ANICE (Atmospheric Nitrogen Inputs into the Coastal Ecosystem) project addressed the atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to the North Sea, with emphasis on coastal effects. ANlCE focused on quantifying the deposition of inorganic nitrogen compounds to the North Sea and the governing processes. An overview of the results from modelling and...article 2003
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Willems, F.P.T. (author), Creyghton, Y. (author), van Gulijk, C. (author), Oonk, H. (author), Maisuls, S. (author), TNO Wegtransportmiddelen (author)Plasma-assisted PM removal is examined in a packed-bed plasma system. This study focuses on the effect of plasma power, space velocity and exhaust gas composition on PM filtration. Experiments are done on an engine dynamometer with a VW 1.2l TDI engine. During these experiments, the airflow is throttled so large smoke levels are realized. Then,...conference paper 2003
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Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author), Weeda, M. (author), den Ouden, A.C.B. (author), de Smidt, R.P. (author), Dijkstra, J.W. (author), Weijers, E.P. (author)-report 2002
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Bruijn, A.J. (author)An overview of developments and events in the Netherlands in 2000 inthe field of energy is presented. This edition comprises three parts. In the first part (Chronicle) a chronological overview is given of events in 2000 regarding governmental and energy policy, developments in the sectors natural gas and petroleum exploration, refineries and...other 2002
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de Kluizenaar, Y. (author), Aherne, J. (author), Farrell, E.P. (author), TNO Bouw (author)The spatial distributions of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) emissions are essential inputs to models of atmospheric transport and deposition. Information of this type is required for international negotiations on emission reduction through the critical load approach. High-resolution emission maps for the Republic of Ireland...article 2001