Origin and Energy of Intra-Gap States in Sensitive Near-Infrared Organic Photodiodes

Trap states in organic semiconductors are notoriously detrimental to the performance of organic electronics. However, the origin and energetics of trap states remain largely elusive and under debate, especially for bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) photodiodes consisting of electron donor and acceptor materials. Combining three sensitive techniques now...

Vein detection with near-infrared organic photodetectors for biometric authentication

We combine a low dark current and high-detectivity near-infrared (NIR)-sensitive organic photodetector with a high-resolution 508 pixels per inch (ppi) oxide thin-film transistor (TFT) backplane to create a large-area thin NIR detector, using processes that are compatible with flat-panel display fabrication. The detector is characterized showing...

Cool products for building envelope - Part I: Development and lab scale testing

The paper describes the methodology followed for the development of new cool products in order to widen the range of existing solutions both including coloured (even dark) materials and extending the application also to building vertical components. Cool coloured ceramic tiles and acrylic paints for façades and roof membranes have been developed...

NVG-the-day: Towards realistic night-vision training

Current night-time training using (flight-, driving-) simulators is hindered by the lack of realism. Effective night-time training requires the simulation of the illusions and limitations experienced while wearing Night Vision Goggles during the night. Various methods exist that capture certain sensor effects such as noise and the characteristic...

Validation of interventional fiber optic spectroscopy with MR Spectroscopy, MAS-NMR spectroscopy, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, and histopathology for accurate hepatic fat quantification

Objectives: To validate near-infrared (NIR)-based optical spectroscopy measurements of hepatic fat content using a minimally invasive needle-like probe with integrated optical fibers, enabling real-time feedback during percutaneous interventions. The results were compared with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as validation and with...

The NOVA Fringe Tracker: A second generation cophasing facility for up tósix telescopes at the VLTI

The NOVA Fringe Tracker (NFT) is a proposed solution tóthe call by ESO for a second generation fringe tracking facility. This instrument at the VLTI will enable the cophasing of up tó6 telescopes simultaneously. Using broad band optics with detection from 1.2 tó2.4 microns, a unique configuration is employed that eliminates so-called ...

The E-NIS instrument on-board the ESA Euclid Dark Energy Mission: a general view after positive conclusion of the assesment phase

The Euclid Near-Infrared Spectrometer (E-NIS) Instrument was conceived as the spectroscopic probe on-board the ESA Dark Energy Mission Euclid. Together with the Euclid Imaging Channel (EIC) in its Visible (VIS) and Near Infrared (NIP) declinations, NIS formed part of the Euclid Mission Concept derived in assessment phase and submitted to the...

The polarization-based collimated beam combiner and the proposed NOVA fringe tracker (NFT) for the VLTI

The Polarization-Based Collimated Beam Combiner efficiently produces pairwise interference between beams from multiple telescopes. An important feature is achieving "Photometric Symmetry" whereby interference measurements have no first-order sensitivity to wavefront perturbations (or photometric variations following spatial filtering) which...

INVIS: Integrated night vision surveillance and observation system

We present the design and first field trial results of the all-day all-weather INVIS Integrated Night Vision surveillance and observation System. The INVIS augments a dynamic three-band false-color nightvision image with synthetic 3D imagery in a real-time display. The night vision sensor suite consists of three cameras, respectively sensitive...

Low-level activity of the trunk extensor muscles causes electromyographic manifestations of fatigue in absence of decreased oxygenation

This study was designed to determine whether trunk extensor fatigue occurs during low-level activity and whether this is associated with a drop in muscle tissue oxygenation. Electromyography (EMG) feedback was used to impose constant activity in a part of the trunk extensor muscles. We hypothesized that electromyographic manifestations of...

TRICLOBS portable triband color lowlight observation system

We present the design and first test results of the TRICLOBS (TRI-band Color Low-light OBServation) system The TRICLOBS is an all-day all-weather surveillance and navigation tool. Its sensor suite consists of two digital image intensifiers (Photonis ICU's) and an uncooled longwave infrared microbolometer (XenICS Gobi 384). The night vision...

Recent methodology in the phytochemical analysis of ginseng

This review summarises the most recent developments in ginseng analysis, in particular the novel approaches in sample pre-treatment and the use of high-performance liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry. The review also presents novel data on analysing ginseng extracts by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution mass...

Inspired Carbon Dioxide During Hypoxia: Effects on Task Performance and Cerebral Oxygen Saturation

Introduction: Exposure to a hypoxic environment has a deleterious effect on physiological and mental functions. We studied the effect of added inspired CO2 during artificially induced hypoxic normobaric hypoxia (oxygen saturation ∼80%) on complex task performance. Methods: In random order, 22 healthy volunteers were exposed to 3 gas mixtures for...

Acetazolamide improves cerebral oxygenation during exercise at high altitude

Acute mountain sickness is thought to be triggered by cerebral hypoxemia and be prevented by acetazolamide (Actz). The effect of Actz on cerebral oxygenation at altitude remains unknown. In 16 members of the 2005 Dutch Cho Oyu (8201 m, Tibet) expedition, the influence of Actz and exercise (750 mg PO daily) on heart rate, peripheral and regional...

TROPOMI and TROPI: UV/VIS/NIR/SWIR instruments

TROPOMI (Tropospheric Ozone-Monitoring Instrument) is a five-channel UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR non-scanning nadir viewing imaging spectrometer that combines a wide swath (114°) with high spatial resolution (10 × 10 km 2). The instrument heritage consists of GOME on ERS-2, SCIAMACHY on Envisat and, especially, OMI on EOS-Aura. TROPOMI has even smaller...

Muscle tensing during standing: Effects on cerebral tissue oxygenation and cerebral artery blood velocity

Background and Purpose - When standing up causes dizziness, tensing of the leg muscles may alleviate the symptoms. We tested the hypothesis that leg tensing improves orthostatic tolerance via enhanced cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. Methods - In 10 healthy young adults, the effects of leg tensing on transcranial Doppler-determined middle...