Beyond sensory conflict: The role of beliefs and perception in motion sickness

Illusory self-motion often provokes motion sickness, which is commonly explained in terms of an inter-sensory conflict that is not in accordance with previous experience. Here we address the influence of cognition in motion sickness and show that such a conflict is not provocative when the observer believes that the motion illusion is indeed...

Using data from food challenges to inform management of consumers with food allergy: A systematic review with individual participant data meta-analysis

Background Eliciting doses (EDs) (eg, ED01 or ED05 values, which are the amounts of allergen expected to cause objective symptoms in 1% and 5% of the population with an allergy, respectively) are increasingly being used to inform allergen labeling and clinical management. These values are generated from food challenge, but the frequency of...

Majority of shrimp-allergic patients are allergic to mealworm

The growing world population motivates the exploration of new sustainable protein sources to ensure food security. Insects such as mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) are promising candidates, with active ongoing marketing efforts within America and Europe. This warrants assessment of the potential risks. Toxicologic and microbiological risks were...

Less sickness with more motion and/or mental distraction

BACKGROUND: Motion sickness may reduce passenger comfort and crew performance. Countermeasures are dominated by medication with specific and often undesirable side effects. OBJECTIVE: To shown that sickness due to motion can be reduced by adding an inherent non-sickening vibration and by mental distraction. METHODS: Eighteen blindfolded subjects...

Impact of alignment to gravito-inertial force on motion sickness and cardiopulmonary variables

Introduction: In tilting trains partial alignment to the gravito-inertial force (GIF) in the curves seems to be the best tilt compensation to reduce the incidence of motion sickness. We investigated the effect of alignment to the GIF on the development of motion sickness during low-frequency horizontal motion. Methods: There were 12 healthy...

Melatonin for commercial aircrew?

This primary objective of this paper is to discuss the usefulness of melatonin for reducing symptoms of circadian rhythm disturbances in aircrew. Literature and own data of circadian disruptions and symptoms of aircrew were analysed. Considerations concerning the use of melatonin by aircrew are discussed. The main outcomes were as follows....

Respiratory impact on motion sickness induced by linear motion

Motion sickness incidence (MSI) for vertical sinusoidal motion reaches a maximum at 0.167 Hz. Normal breathing frequency is close to this frequency. There is some evidence for synchronization of breathing with this stimulus frequency. If this enforced breathing takes place over a larger frequency range (0.05-0.8 Hz) and whether this contributes...

Hyperventilation in a motion sickness desensitization program

Introduction: In motion sickness desensitization programs, the motion sickness provocative stimulus is often a forward bending of the trunk on a rotating chair, inducing Coriolis effects. Since respiratory relaxation techniques are applied successfully in these courses, we investigated whether these repetitive trunk movements by themselves may...

Cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice: A case study of thiopurine methyltransferase genotyping in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Europe

Only a few studies have addressed the cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenetics interventions in healthcare. Lack of health economics data on aspects of pharmacogenetics is perceived as one of the barriers hindering its implementation for improving drug safety. Thus, a recent Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) study, entitled ...

Motion sickness symptoms in a ship motion simulator: Effects of inside, outside, and no view

Vehicle motion characteristics differ between air, road, and sea environments, both vestibularly and visually. Effects of vision on motion sickness have been studied before, though less systematically in a naval setting. It is hypothesized that appropriate visual information on self-motion is beneficial in a naval setting and that task...

Motion Sickness Induced by Optokinetic Drums

Motion sickness is not only elicited by certain kinds of self-motion, but also by motion of a visual scene. In case of the latter, optokinetic drums are often used and a visual-vestibular conflict is assumed to cause the sickness. When the rotation axis is Earth vertical however, different studies show different results. Here, we propose that...

Motion sickness and tilts of the inertial force environment: Active suspension systems vs. active passengers

Maneuvering in vehicles exposes occupants to low frequency forces (<1 Hz) which can provoke motion sickness. Hypothesis: Aligning with the tilting inertial resultant (gravity + imposed horizontal acceleration: gravito-inertial force (GIF)) may reduce motion sickness when tilting is either 'active' (self-initiated; Experiment 1) or 'passive' ...

Contributions of roll and pitch to sea sickness

The purpose of the present study was to test the traditional assumption that sea sickness is uniquely provoked by heave motion characteristics, pitch and roll movements being ineffective. In an experi-ment with a ship motion simulator subjects were exposed to pitch, and roll motions in combination with rather weak heave motions that have no...