Health risks associated with inhaled nasal toxicants

Health risks of inhaled nasal toxicants were reviewed with emphasis on chemically induced nasal lesions in humans, sensory irritation, olfactory and trigeminal nerve toxicity, nasal immunopathology and carcinogenesis, nasal responses to chemical mixtures, in vitro models, and nasal dosimetry- and metabolism-based extrapolation of nasal data in...

Safety assessment of lactate esters

Lactate eaters have an oral LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg and the inhalation LC50 is generally above 5000 mg/m3 and they may be potential eye and skin irritants, but not skin sensitizers. No evidence of teratogenicity or maternal toxicity was observed in an inhalation (2-ethylhexyl-L-lactate) or dermal study (ethyl-L-lactate). Subacute inhalation...

Subacute toxicity of a mixture of nine chemicals in rats: Detecting interactive effects with a fractionated two-level factorial design

The present study was intended (1) to find out whether simultaneous administration of nine chemicals at a concentration equal to the 'no-observed-adverse-effect level' (NOAEL) for each of them would result in a NOAEL for the combination and (2) to test the usefulness of fractionated factorial models to detect possible interactions between...