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An integrative test strategy for cancer hazard identification

Luijten, M. (author), Olthof, E.D. (author), Hakkert, B.C. (author), Rorije, E. (author), van der Laan, J.-W. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), van Benthem, J. (author)

Assessment of genotoxic and carcinogenic potential is considered one of the basic requirements when evaluating possible human health risks associated with exposure to chemicals. Test strategies currently in place focus primarily on identifying genotoxic potential due to the strong association between the accumulation of genetic damage and cancer...

article 2016

document

Hazard assessment of nitrosamine and nitramine by-products of amine-based CCS: Alternative approaches

Buist, H.E. (author), Devito, S. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), Venhorst, J. (author), Kroese, E.D. (author)

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are considered vital and economic elements for achieving global CO2 reduction targets, and is currently introduced worldwide (for more information on CCS, consult for example the websites of the International Energy Agency (http://www.iea.org/topics/ccs/) and the Global CCS Institute (http://www...

article 2015

document

Safety evaluation of an IPP tripeptide-containing milk protein hydrolysate

Ponstein-Simarro Doorten, A.Y. (author), van de Wiel, J.A.G. (author), Jonker, D. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

Tensguard™ is a milk protein hydrolysate containing the lactotripeptide IPP. It is derived from cow's milk, which is present in the human diet and has a safe history of consumption. The final Tensguard™ product, a supplement or a functional food ingredient, is intended for use by people who want to follow a healthy diet and lifestyle in order to...

article 2009

document

UV-induced effects

Liebsch, M. (author), Spielmann, H. (author), Pape, W. (author), Krul, C. (author), Deguercy, A. (author), Eskes, C.A.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

Regulatory requirements: According to the current Notes for Guidance of the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products (SCCNFP), cosmetic ingredients and mixtures of ingredients absorbing UV light (in particular UV filter chemicals used, for example, to ensure the light stability of cosmetics or used in sun protection...

article 2005

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Formation of transient covalent protein and DNA adducts by quercetin in cells with and without oxidative enzyme activity

TNO Voeding (author), van der Woude, H. (author), Alink, G.M. (author), van Rossum, B.E.J. (author), Walle, K. (author), van Steeg, H. (author), Walle, T. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author)

This study investigates the role of cellular tyrosinase and/or peroxidase-like oxidative enzyme activity in the covalent binding of quercetin to glutathione, protein, and DNA, as well as the stability of quercetin DNA adducts in time. This was done by studying the formation of glutathionyl quercetin adducts in various in vitro models, and the...

article 2005

document

Evaluation of the in vivo genetic toxicity of concentrated barley β-glucan

Delaney, B. (author), de Vogel, N. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)

Chemicals / CAS: corn oil, 8001-30-7; mitomycin C, 50-07-7, 74349-48-7; Glucans; Mutagens

article 2004

document

Safety evaluation of an α-cyclodextrin glycosyltranferase preparation

Bär, A. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author), Jonker, D. (author), de Vogel, N. (author), TNO Voeding (author)

Alpha-cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (α-CGTase, EC 2.4.1.19) is an amylolytic enzyme used for the production of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), a novel, soluble dietary fiber, from food-grade starch. The safety of an α-CGTase preparation obtained by batch fermentation from a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli K12 harboring the α-CGTase gene from...

article 2004

document

Lack of clastogenic effects in cultured human lymphocytes treated with hydroquinone

Roza, L. (author), de Vogel, N. (author), van Delft, J.H.M. (author)

Hydroquinone (HQ) occurs in the environment as a result of manmade processes as well as in natural products from plants and animals. The compound has been reported to produce chromosomal effects in some in vivo and in vitro animal models. However, its potential to produce similar effects in human lymphocytes is less clear. To obtain more...

article 2003

document

Genetic and reproductive toxicity of butadiene and isoprene

Anderson, D. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO BIBRA (author)

Butadiene (BD) and its 2-methyl analogue, isoprene, have been extensively studied in animals and BD in population studies. Both chemicals are metabolised by liver cytochrome P450 dependent monogenases to monoepoxide and diepoxide intermediates. The diepoxide intermediates of both compounds were mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium. However,...

article 2001

document

Antimutagenic activity of green tea and black tea extracts studied in a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal model

Krul, C.A.M. (author), Luiten-Schuite, A. (author), Tenfelde, A. (author), van Ommen, B. (author), Verhagen, H. (author), Havenaar, R. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

An in vitro gastrointestinal model, which simulates the conditions in the human digestive tract, was used to determine potential antimutagenic activity of extracts of black tea and green tea. In this paper, results are presented on the availability for absorption of potential antimutagenic compounds present in tea and on the influence of the...

article 2001

document

Application of a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal tract model to study the availability of food mutagens, using heterocyclic aromatic amines as model compounds

Krul, C.A.M. (author), Luiten-Schuite, A. (author), Baan, R. (author), Verhagen, H. (author), Mohn, G. (author), Feron, V. (author), Havenaar, R. (author)

The TNO gastro-Intestinal tract Model (TIM) is a dynamic computer-controlled in vitro system that mimics the human physiological conditions in the stomach and small intestine. In the current TIM physiological parameters such as pH, temperature, peristaltic movements, secretion of digestion enzymes, bile and pancreatic juices, and absorption of...

article 2000

document

Comparison of three different in vitro mutation assays used for the investigation of cytochrome P450-mediated mutagenicity of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Kappers, W.A. (author), van Och, F.M.M. (author), de Groene, E.M. (author), Horbach, G.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

Three different in vitro mutation assays were used to investigate the involvement of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the activation of the nitro- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitroPAHs) 1-nitropyrene and 2- nitrofluorene and their reduced metabolites amino-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (aminoPAHs) 1-aminopyrene and 2-aminofluorene....

article 2000

document

Evaluation of a subchronic (13-week) oral toxicity study, preceded by an in utero exposure phase, with arachidonic acid oil derived from Mortierella alpina in rats

Hempenius, R.A. (author), Lina, B.A.R. (author), Haggitt, R.C. (author)

Arachidonic acid oil (ARA-oil) derived from the fungus Mortierella alpina for use in infant nutrition was tested in a subchronic (13-week) oral toxicity study in rats, preceded by an in utero exposure phase. The ARA-oil was administered as admixture to the rodent diet at dose levels of 3000 ppm, 15,000 ppm and 75,000 ppm. An additional high-dose...

article 2000

document

Safety assessment of lactate esters

Clary, J.J. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), van Velthuijsen, J.A. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

Lactate eaters have an oral LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg and the inhalation LC50 is generally above 5000 mg/m3 and they may be potential eye and skin irritants, but not skin sensitizers. No evidence of teratogenicity or maternal toxicity was observed in an inhalation (2-ethylhexyl-L-lactate) or dermal study (ethyl-L-lactate). Subacute inhalation...

article 1998

document

Comparison of immunoaffinity chromatography enrichment and nuclease P1 procedures for 32P-postlabelling analysis of PAH- DNA adducts

Randerath, K. (author), Sriram, P. (author), Moorthy, B. (author), Aston, J.P. (author), Baan, R.A. (author), van den Berg, P.T.M. (author), Booth, E.D. (author), Watson, W.P. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

32P-postlabelling analysis for detecting DNA adducts formed by polycyclic aromatic compounds is one of the most widely used techniques for assessing genotoxicity associated with these compounds. In cases where the formation of adducts is extremely low, a crucial step in the analysis is an enrichment procedure for adducts prior to the...

article 1998

document

Gene-mutation assays in lambda-lacZ transgenic mice: Comparison of lacZ with endogenous genes in splenocytes and small intestinal epithelium

van Delft, J.H.M. (author), Bergmans, A. (author), van Dam, F.J. (author), Tates, A.D. (author), Howard, L. (author), Winton, D.J. (author), Baan, R.A. (author)

Comparison of results derived from transgenic animal gene-mutation assays with those from mutation analyses in endogenous genes is an important step in the validation of the former. We have used λlacZ transgenic mice to study alkylation-induced mutagenesis in vivo in (a) lacZ and hprt in spleen cells, and (b) lacZ and Dlb-1 in small intestine...

article 1998

document

Toxicological profile for o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol

Stouten, H. (author), Bessems, J.G.M. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

As part of a health-hazard survey on the health risk of hospital cleaning workers from exposure to Lyorthol, a hazard assessment of o-benzo-p-chlorophenol, one of the constituents of Lyorthol, has been prepared. In this paper, the physical and chemical characteristics, kinetics and effects of o-benzochlorophenol are described and discussed, and...

article 1998

document

Toxicological profile for o-phenylphenol and its sodium salt

Stouten, H. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author)

As part of a health-hazard survey on the health risk of hospital cleaning workers from exposure to Lyorthol, a hazard assessment of o-phenylphenol (and its sodium salt), one of the constituents of Lyorthol, has been prepared, In this paper, the physical and chemical characteristics, kinetics and effects of o-phenylphenol and its sodium salt are...

article 1998

document

Effect of eugenol on the genotoxicity of established mutagens in the liver

Rompelberg, C.J.M. (author), Evertz, S.J.C.J. (author), Bruijntjes-Rozier, G.C.D.M. (author), van den Heuvel, P.D. (author), Verhagen, H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)

The influence of in vivo treatment with eugenol on established mutagens was studied to determine whether eugenol has antigenotoxic potential. The effects of eugenol in rats was investigated in the unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay with established mutagens and the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay. In addition, the effect of in vitro...

article 1996

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Formation and persistence of O6-ethylguanine in genomic and transgene DNA in liver and brain of λlacZ transgenic mice treated with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea

Mientjes, E.J. (author), Hochleitner, K. (author), Luiten-Schuite, A. (author), van Delft, J.H.M. (author), Thomale, J. (author), Berends, F. (author), Rajewsky, M.F. (author), Lohman, P.H.M. (author), Baan, R.A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)

LacZ transgenic mice are suitable for short-term mutagenicity studies in vivo. Mutagenicity in these mice is determined in the lacZ transgene. Since the lacZ gene is of bacterial origin the question has been raised whether DNA-adduct formation and repair in the transgene are comparable to those in total genomic DNA. Mice were treated with N...

article 1996