Quantifying efficiency of field-wide geophysical surveys for verifying CO2 plume conformance during storage operations

To manage risks in CO2 storage operations, monitoring systems need to be designed such that the data can inform the operator whether the storage site will continue to behave as expected or not. In order to compare the benefits of different monitoring strategies, we require a measure of ‘efficiency' that is based on a balance between monitoring...

Quantifying the efficiency of surveillance strategies for subsurface CO2 storage applications

In this paper we address the challenge of efficient and reliable monitoring of subsurface CO2 storage operations for conformance verification purposes. In order to acquire a storage license, the operator has to demonstrate convincingly to the regulator that the operation of the site will conform to safety regulations, and that CO2 will remain...

Surface movement induced by geothermal operations

We investigated the impact of the exploitation of a geothermal well doublet on surface movement. We found that the largest effect should be expected from the progressive cooling of the reservoir, through the thermo-elastic coupling. The absolute value of the expected subsidence is low, but possibly measureable if circumstances are favourite. In...

Strategic monitoring to account for rapid variations in the nitrate concentration of groundwater and surface water

As part of two PhD projects, we installed ion-selective electrodes and passive samplers for monitoring nitrate concentrations in a 7 km 2 catchment and compared the results to grab samples. We also monitored nitrate concentrations at the catchment outlet. We tested the effectiveness of these monitoring approaches to estimate the long-term...

Hoisting a red flag: An early warning system for exceeding subsidence limits

We present a general framework that enables decision-making when a threshold in a process is about to be exceeded (an event). Measurements are combined with prior information to update the probability of such an event. This prior information is derived from the results of an ensemble of model realisations that span the uncertainty present in the...

Development and demonstration of a method to monitor the effects of measures to reduce VOC emissions in the EU. LIFE 95/NL/A11/NL/365/ZHL [1996-1998] (Final Report )

In 1996, TNO was granted by the European Commission to carry out in the framework of the LIFE programme a project entitled "Development and dem-onstration of a method to monitor the effects of measures to reduce VOC emis-sions in the EU". An additional grant was supplied by the Dutch Ministry for Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment....