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Valcke, S. (author), Nijland, T.G. (author), Larbi, J.A. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author), BenO (author)The water cement (w/c) ratio is a typical quality parameter for concrete. The NT Build 361 Nordtest method is a standard for estimating the w/c ratio in hardened concrete and is based on the relationship between the ilc ratio and the capillary porosity in the cement paste. The latter can be estimated using fluorescent light microscopy of...conference paper 2009
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Li, Y. (author), de Vries, R. (author), Slaghek, T. (author), Timmermans, J. (author), Cohen Stuart, M.A. (author), Norde, W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)A novel biocompatible and biodegradable microgel system has been developed for controlled uptake and release of especially proteins. It contains TEMPO-oxidized potato starch polymers, which are chemically cross-linked by sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP). Physical chemical properties have been determined for microgels of different weight ratios of...article 2009
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Peter, M. (author), Schüler, T. (author), Furthner, F. (author), Rensing, P.A. (author), van Heck, G.T. (author), Schoo, H.F.M. (author), Möllier, R. (author), Fritzsche, W. (author), van Breemen, A.J.J.M. (author), Meinders, E.R. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)Miniaturization of biosensors is envisaged by the development of biochips consisting of parallel microarray patterns of binding sites on rigid substrates, such as glass or silicon. Thin plastic substrates are promising flexible alternatives because of the possibility for large-area roll-to-roll manufacturing of disposable chips at lower costs....article 2009
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Mathijssen, S.G.J. (author), Smits, E.C.P. (author), van Hal, P.A. (author), Wondergem, H.J. (author), Ponomarenko, S.A. (author), Moser, A. (author), Resel, R. (author), Bobbert, P.A. (author), Kemerink, M. (author), Janssen, R.A.J. (author), de Leeuw, D.M. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)The mobility of self-assembled monolayer field-effect transistors (SAMFETs) traditionally decreases dramatically with increasing channel length. Recently, however, SAMFETs using liquid-crystalline molecules have been shown to have bulk-like mobilities that are virtually independent of channel length. Here, we reconcile these scaling relations by...article 2009
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Römer, G.W. (author), Del Cerro, D.A. (author), Sipkema, R.C.J. (author), Groenendijk, M.N.W. (author), Huis in 't Veld, A.J. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)By laser ablation with ultra short laser pulses in the pico- and femto-second range, well controlled dual scaled micro- and nano-scaled surface textures can be obtained. The micro-scale of the texture is mainly determined by the dimensions of the laser spot, whereas the superimposed nano-structure is the result of so-called laser induced "self...conference paper 2009
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Mandamparambil, R. (author), Fledderus, H. (author), van den Brand, J. (author), Saalmink, M. (author), Kusters, R. (author), Podprocky, T. (author), van Steenberge, G. (author), de Baets, J. (author), Dietzel, A.H. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)A study on via drilling and channel scribing on PEN and PET substrates for flexible electronic application is discussed in this paper. For the experiments, both KIF excimer laser (248 nm) and frequency tripled Nd:YAG (355 nm) laser are used. Different measurement techniques like optical microscopy, Dektak profilometer, Confocal microscopy and...conference paper 2009
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TNO Industrie en Techniek (author), Ivan, M.G. (author), Vaney, J.B. (author), Verhaart, D. (author), Meinders, E.R. (author)A computer-controlled laser beam recorder with a wavelength of 405 nm has been employed for patterning the deposited resist with feature sizes varying from a few hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers. Four inch silicon templates for hot embossing source/ drain electrodes and metallic circuit for a disposable biosensor were obtained. SEM...conference paper 2009
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Steeneken, P.A.M. (author), Woortman, A.J.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The occurrence of surface effects in the acetylation of granular potato starch with acetic anhydride to degrees of substitution 0.04-0.2 was studied by two different approaches. The first approach involved the fractionation of granular starch acetates into five different size classes and analysis of their acetate content. Alternatively, two...article 2008
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Bouma, R.H.B. (author), Boluijt, A.G. (author), Verbeek, H.J. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Impact testing of various cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) samples has been carried out with the Ballistic Impact Chamber (BIC). Numerical simulations have been performed to guide its experimental design and explain the phenomena that are observed in the measured pressure evolution. The experimental results obtained with the BIC are compared...article 2008
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Veldman, D. (author), Ipek, Ö. (author), Meskers, S.C.J. (author), Sweelssen, J. (author), Koetse, M.M. (author), Veenstra, S.C. (author), Kroon, J.M. (author), van Bavel, S.S. (author), Loos, J. (author), Janssen, R.A.J. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)The electro-optical properties of thin films of electron donor-acceptor blends of a fluorene copolymer (PF10TBT) and a fullerene derivative (PCBM) were studied. Transmission electron microscopy shows that in these films nanocrystalline PCBM clusters are formed at high PCBM content. For all concentrations, a charge transfer (CT) transition is...article 2008
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Heinen, M.M. (author), Verhage, B.A.J. (author), Lumey, L.H. (author), Brants, H.A.M. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: Recent studies of pancreatic cancer suggest a role for hyperinsulinemia in carcinogenesis. Because insulin is secreted in response to elevated blood glucose concentrations, dietary factors that increase these concentrations may be important in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Objective: The objective was to examine prospectively the...article 2008
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Weijers, M. (author), Broersen, K. (author), Barneveld, P.A. (author), Cohen Stuart, M.A. (author), Hamer, R.J. (author), de Jongh, H.H.J. (author), Visschers, R.W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The effect of ovalbumin net charge on aggregate morphology and visual properties was investigated using chromatography, electrophoresis, electron microscopy, and turbidity measurements. A range of differently charged ovalbumin variants (net charge ranging from -1 to -26 at pH 7) was produced using chemical engineering. With increasing net charge...article 2008
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Huisman, D.J. (author), Pols, S. (author), Joosten, I. (author), van Os, B.J.H. (author), Smit, A. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)A group of Roman glass objects from the Bocholtz burial in the SW of Limburg (The Netherlands) was found to have been subject to varying degrees of degradation. Many of the 25 colourless glass objects were fragmented to pieces <0.1 cm ("sugared"), whereas the three transparent blue-green glass objects were in near-pristine state. Analyses using...article 2008
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Kuper, C.F. (author), van Zijverden, M. (author), Klaassen, C. (author), Tegelenbosch-Schouten, M. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The effects of cyclosporin A (CY) and cyclophosphamide (CPS) on Peyer's patches (PP) were studied in Wistar rats, exposed in utero and neonatally or during adult age. In one study, pregnant dams received 5 or 15 mg/kg bw/day CY from gestation day 6 to day 21 of lactation. In two other studies, animals were exposed at young adult age: female rats...article 2007
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Verhage, B.A.J. (author), Schouten, L.J. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Using data collected of a large population-based cohort study, we studied the association between anthropometric factors and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we investigated whether these associations differ among microscopically confirmed pancreatic cancer (MCPC) cases and non-MCPC (NMCPC) cases. The Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet...article 2007
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Halter, D. (author), Neumann, S. (author), van Dijk, S.M. (author), Wolthoorn, J. (author), de Mazière, A.M. (author), Vieira, O.V. (author), Mattjus, P. (author), Klumperman, J. (author), van Meer, G. (author), Sprong, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Glycosphingolipids are controlled by the spatial organization of their metabolism and by transport specificity. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we localize to the Golgi stack the glycosyltransferases that produce glucosylceramide (GlcCer), lactosylceramide (LacCer), and GM3. GlcCer is synthesized on the cytosolic side and must translocate...article 2007
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Huls, M. (author), Kramers, C. (author), Levtchenko, E.N. (author), Wilmer, M.J.G. (author), Dijkman, H.B.P.M. (author), Kluijtmans, L.A.J. (author), van der Hoorn, J.W.A. (author), Russel, F.G.M. (author), Masereeuw, R. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The multidrug resistance gene 1 product, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), is expressed in several excretory organs, including the apical membrane of proximal tubules. After inducing acute renal failure, P-gp expression is upregulated and this might be a protective function by pumping out toxicants and harmful products of oxidative stress. We characterized...article 2007
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Nardes, A.M. (author), Kemerink, M. (author), Janssen, R.A.J. (author), Bastiaansen, J.J.A.M. (author), Kiggen, N.M.M. (author), Langeveld, B.M.W. (author), van Breemen, A.J.J.M. (author), de Kok, M.M. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)The anisotropic conductivity of spin-coated poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films by temperature-dependent conductivity measurements, has been analyzed. A detailed 3D morphological model was derived from topographic scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and cross-sectional atomic force microscopy (AFM)...article 2007
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Keijser, B.J.F. (author), ter Beek, A. (author), Rauwerda, H. (author), Schuren, F. (author), Montijn, R. (author), van der Spek, H. (author), Brul, S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Bacillus subtilis forms dormant spores upon nutrient depletion. Under favorable environmental conditions, the spore breaks its dormancy and resumes growth in a process called spore germination and outgrowth. To elucidate the physiological processes that occur during the transition of the dormant spore to an actively growing vegetative cell, we...article 2007
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Franke, C. (author), Pennock, G.M. (author), Drury, M.R. (author), Engelmann, R. (author), Lattard, D. (author), Garming, J.F.L. (author), von Dobeneck, T. (author), Dekkers, M.J. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)In paleomagnetic and environmental magnetic studies the magnetomineralogical identification is usually based on a set of rock magnetic parameters, complemented by crystallographic and chemical information retrieved from X-ray diffraction (XRD), (electron) microscopy or energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) of selected samples. While very useful,...article 2007