Intestinal Fungal Dysbiosis Is Associated With Visceral Hypersensitivity in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Rats

Background & Aims Visceral hypersensitivity is one feature of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Bacterial dysbiosis might be involved in the activation of nociceptive sensory pathways, but there have been few studies of the role of the mycobiome (the fungal microbiome) in the development of IBS. We analyzed intestinal mycobiomes of patients with...

Changes in the oral ecosystem induced by the use of 8% arginine toothpaste

Objective Bacterial metabolism of arginine in the oral cavity has a pH-raising and thus, potential anti-caries effect. However, the influence of arginine on the oral microbial ecosystem remains largely unresolved. Design In this pilot study, nine healthy individuals used toothpaste containing 8% arginine for eight weeks. Saliva was collected to...

Targeted anti-staphylococcal therapy with endolysins in atopic dermatitis and the effect on steroid use, disease severity and the microbiome: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (MAAS trial)

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with reduced skin microbial diversity and overgrowth of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. However, the importance of S. aureus colonisation in the complex pathogenesis remains unclear and studies on the effect of anti-staphylococcal therapy in non-infected AD show contradictory results. Long-term...

Insulin resistance as key factor for linking modulation of gut microbiome to health claims and dietary recommendations to tackle obesity

Background: Current dietary and public health recommendations addressing obesity do not as yet include recommendations pertaining to the gut microbiome. As a corollary, no microbiome-related health claims made on foods have as yet been proposed. Scope: The MyNewGut project aims, amongst others, to provide guidance for the establishment of...

Microbial metabolism shifts towards an adverse profile with supplementary iron in the TIM-2 in vitro model of the human colon

Oral iron administration in African children can increase the risk for infections. However, it remains unclear to what extent supplementary iron affects the intestinal microbiome. We here explored the impact of iron preparations on microbial growth and metabolism in the well-controlled TNO's in vitro model of the large intestine (TIM-2). The...

Development of Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiota in Infancy is Affected by Mode of Delivery

The human gut microbiome diet and health Post hoc non ergo propter hoc

The gastro-intestinal microbiome has become the subject of intensive research, which is beginning to elucidate its roles in human health. It is becoming increasingly recognised that gut microbiota plays a part in regulating human immune homeostasis and metabolism, which gives rise to novel opportunities for preventative and treatment strategies....

Locally sourced probiotics, the next opportunity for developing countries?

We describe factors promoting the exploration of locally sourced probiotics, targeting local populations to balance human needs and market opportunities. This would be particularly beneficial for people in developing countries, who generally lack access to affordable probiotics and are often exposed to poor hygiene conditions, toxic compounds,...

Correlates of the molecular vaginal microbiota composition of African women

Background: Sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical correlates of the vaginal microbiome (VMB) as characterized by molecular methods have not been adequately studied. VMB dominated by bacteria other than lactobacilli may cause inflammation, which may facilitate HIV acquisition and other adverse reproductive health outcomes. Methods: We...

Lactobacillus-dominated cervicovaginal microbiota associated with reduced HIV/STI prevalence and genital HIV viral load in african women

Cervicovaginal microbiota not dominated by lactobacilli may facilitate transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as miscarriages, preterm births and sepsis in pregnant women. However, little is known about the exact nature of the microbiological changes that cause these adverse outcomes. In this study,...

Unlocking our microbiome

TNO combines state of the art technologies, such as organoids, high throughput sequencing and computational modelling to gain insight and discover functionalities in complex biological systems, to unlock our microbiome for your applications. Our microbiome analysis and modelling techniques can help in solving questions, such as: How does this...

Acquiring and maintaining a normal oral microbiome: Current perspective.

The oral microbiota survives daily physical and chemical perturbations from the intake of food and personal hygiene measures, resulting in a long-term stable microbiome. Biological properties that confer stability in the microbiome are important for the prevention of dysbiosis-a microbial shift toward a disease, e.g., periodontitis or caries....

Ex vivo systems to study host-microbiota interactions in the gastrointestinal tract

It is increasingly apparent that the microbial ecosystems in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract play an intricate role in health and disease. There is a growing interest in the development of targeted strategies for modulating health through the modification of these microbiota. Ecologists are faced with the challenge of understanding the...

Prebiotic mechanisms, functions and applications - A review

In October 2012, a group of scientists met at the 10th Meeting of the International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) in Cork, Ireland to discuss issues surrounding prebiotics and their development. This article summarises outputs from the meeting. Various prebiotic definitions were discussed and how the concept has...

Experimental models of the gut microbiome

The human gut contains a diverse microbiota with large potential to influence health. Given the difficulty to access the main sites of the gut, in vitro models have been developed to dynamically monitor microbial processes at the site of metabolic activity. These models range from simple batch fermentations to complex multi-compartmental...

The human gastrointestinal microbiota - An unexplored frontier for pharmaceutical discovery

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract (GIT) harbors microorganisms (the microbiota) of vast phylogentic, genomic, and metabolic diversity, and recent years have seen a rapid development in the techniques for studying these complex microbial ecosystems. It is increasingly apparent that the GIT microbiota plays an intricate role in host health and...

Ecology of the microbiome of the infected root canal system: A comparison between apical and coronal root segments

Aim To evaluate the microbial ecology of the coronal and apical segments of infected root canal systems using a complete sampling technique and next-generation sequencing. Methodology The roots of 23 extracted teeth with apical periodontitis were sectioned in half, horizontally, and cryo-pulverized. Bacterial communities were profiled usring...

Evidence for a core gut microbiota in the zebrafish

Experimental analysis of gut microbial communities and their interactions with vertebrate hosts is conducted predominantly in domesticated animals that have been maintained in laboratory facilities for many generations. These animal models are useful for studying coevolved relationships between host and microbiota only if the microbial...