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van der Burg, E. (author), Olivers, C.N.L. (author), Bronkhorst, A.W. (author), Koelewijn, T. (author), Theeuwes, J. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)The second of two targets is often missed when presented shortly after the first targeta phenomenon referred to as the attentional blink (AB). Whereas the AB is a robust phenomenon within sensory modalities, the evidence for cross-modal ABs is rather mixed. Here, we test the possibility that the absence of an auditoryvisual AB for visual...article 2007
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Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), Emmen, H.H. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Hoogendijk, E.M.G. (author), McKee, R.H. (author), Owen, D.E. (author), Kulig, B.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)To evaluate the neurobehavioral effects of hydrocarbon solvents and to establish a working model for extrapolating animal test data to humans, studies were conducted which involved inhalation exposure of rats and humans to white spirit (WS). The specific objectives of these studies were to evaluate the behavioral effects of exposure to WS in...article 2007
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Zafranskaya, M. (author), Oschmann, P. (author), Engel, R. (author), Weishaupt, A. (author), van Noort, J.M. (author), Jomaa, H. (author), Eberl, M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Therapy with interferon-β (IFN-β) has well-established clinical effects in multiple sclerosis (MS), albeit the immunomodulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. We assessed the prevalence and functional capacity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in healthy donors, and in untreated and IFN-β-treated MS patients, in response to myelin oligodendrocyte...article 2007
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van Uffelen, J.G.Z. (author), Chin A Paw, M.J.M. (author), Klein, M. (author), van Mechelen, W. (author), Hopman-Rock, M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: Development of efficient methods for identifying subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) from the geneneral population is warranted, because these subjects represent an important group for (epidemiological) research purposes. Objectives: (1) To describe a two-step population screening for identifying adults with MCI from the...article 2007
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Mulder, M. (author), Koopmans, G. (author), Wassink, G. (author), Mansouri, G.A. (author), Simard, M.-L. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), Prickaerts, J. (author), Blokland, A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)An aberrant cholesterol metabolism in the brain may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The LDL receptor (LDLR) regulates plasma cholesterol levels and recently we and others obtained evidence that it is also involved in regulating brain cholesterol homeostasis. Moreover, we found that LDLR-deficient mice display impaired...article 2007
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Markus, C.R. (author), Jonkman, L.M. (author), Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), Deutz, N.E.P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Brain serotonin function has been implicated in the control of sleep and sleep related memory dysfunctions are attributed to deficient brain serotonin activity. Depletion of the serotonin precursor tryptophan reduces brain serotonin function and is found to cause sleep abnormalities and cognitive decline. We hypothesized that enhancing pre-sleep...article 2006
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McKee, R.H. (author), Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), Hoogendijk, E.M.G. (author), Emmen, H.H. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Barsotti, D.A. (author), Owen, D.E. (author), Kulig, B.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)As a preliminary step to evaluating the acute neurobehavioral effects of hydrocarbon solvents and to establish a working model for extrapolating animal test data to humans, joint neurobehavioral/toxicokinetic studies were conducted which involved administering ethanol to rats and volunteers. The specific objectives of the present studies were to...article 2006
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Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), Meuling, W.J.A. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Freidig, A.P. (author), Bessems, J.G.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The health risks of inhalation exposure to volatile organic solvents may not only depend on the total external dose, but also on the pattern of exposure. It has been suggested that exposure to regularly occurring peak concentrations may have a stronger impact on the brain than constant exposure at the same average level. Recent animal...article 2005
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Mojet, J. (author), Köster, E.P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Memory for texture plays an important role in food expectations. After fasting overnight, subjects (41 women, 35 men, age 19-60 years) received a breakfast including breakfast drink, biscuits and yoghurt. Subsequently, they rated their hunger feelings every hour, and returned for a taste experiment in the evening. When unexpectedly confronted...article 2005
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Parati, G. (author), Mendis, S. (author), Abegunde, D. (author), Asmar, R. (author), Mieke, S. (author), Murray, A. (author), Shengelia, B. (author), Steenvoorden, G. (author), van Montfrans, G. (author), O'Brien, E. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)This paper, which summarizes the conclusions of a WHO Expert meeting, is aimed at proposing indications to develop technical specifications for an accurate and affordable blood pressure measuring device for office/ clinic use in low resource settings. Blood pressure measuring devices to be used in low resource settings should be accurate,...article 2005
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Schraagen, J.M.C. (author), van Dongen, C.J.G. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Good memorability of licence plates is important in those cases where licence plates are viewed for a brief period of time and the information is essential for police investigations. The purpose of the current study was to design a new Dutch licence plate that could be remembered well. A memory experiment was conducted, in which 16 different...article 2005
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Vreugdenhil, H.J.I. (author), Emmen, H.H. (author), Mulder, P.G.H. (author), Weisglas-Kuperus, N. (author), TNO Voeding (author)PCBs are known for their neurotoxic properties, especially on the developing brain. To increase insight into the neurotoxic effects of PCB exposure, the authors studied the effects of perinatal exposure to environmental levels of these compounds on different neuropsychological domains. In 9-year-old children of the Rotterdam PCB-dioxin cohort,...article 2004
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Abel, S.M. (author), Crabtree, B. (author), Baranski, J.V. (author), Smith, D.G. (author), Thompson, M.M. (author), Steeneken, H.J.M. (author), Verhave, J.A. (author), Buckey, J.C. (author), Alvarenga, D.L. (author), Comtois, J.M. (author), TNO Technische Menskunde (author)Introduction: Elevated hearing thresholds have been documented in some astronauts after long-term spaceflights although noise levels were lower than those normally associated with noise-induced hearing loss in ground-based operations. The present study was conducted to determine whether prolonged exposure (70 h) to levels (72 dBA) recorded on...article 2004
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Kerstholt, J.H. (author), Jansen, N.J.M. (author), van Amelsvoort, A.G. (author), Broeders, A.P.A. (author), TNO Technische Menskunde (author)An experiment was conducted to investigate the reliability of voice lineups. More specifically, the experiment was designed to look into the effects of retention interval (an immediate test or after a week), speech duration (30 or 70 s) and acoustic environment (indoors or indoors and outdoors) on speaker identification accuracy. In addition,...article 2004
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Mulder, M. (author), Jansen, P.J. (author), Janssen, B.J.A. (author), van de Berg, W.D.J. (author), van der Boom, H. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), de Kloet, R.E. (author), Ramaekers, F.C.S. (author), Blokland, A. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is the first described receptor for apolipoprotein E (apoE). We hypothesize that the absence of the LDLR, similar to the absence of apoE, results in impaired learning and memory processes. Six-month-old homozygous Ldlr-/- and wild-type littermates (Ldlr+/+), maintained on a standard lab chow diet, were...article 2004
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Huijbregts, S.C.J. (author), van Spronsen, F.J. (author), Licht, R. (author), de Sonneville, L.M.J. (author), Berends, I.E. (author), Verkerk, P.H. (author), Sergeant, J.A. (author)This study examined motor control in 61 early and continuously treated patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and 69 control participants, aged 7 to 14 years. The pursuit task demanded concurrent planning and execution of unpredictable movements, whereas the tracking task required a highly automated circular movement that could be planned in...article 2003
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Mojet, J. (author), Köster, E.P. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Memory plays a major role in the formation of food expectations. How accessible and how accurate is incidentally acquired and stored product information? In the present experiment the memory for variations in texture (and flavour) was tested with a new and ecologically valid method. Subjects (N = 69:35 women, 34 men, age 19-59 yrs) came to the...article 2002
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Schaafstal, A.M. (author), Schraagen, J.M.C. (author), van Berlo, M.P.W. (author)Troubleshooting can often be a time consuming and difficult activity. The question how the training of beginning technicians can be improved was the starting point of the research described in this article. A cognitive task analysis was carried out consisting of two preliminary observational studies on troubleshooting in naturalistic settings,...article 2000
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van Noort, J.M. (author), Bajramovic, J.J. (author), Plomp, A.C. (author), van Stipdonk, M.J.B. (author)Several findings indicate that infectious events play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). At the same time, T-cell autoimmunity to myelin antigens is widely believed to be crucial to the development of MS lesions. Several mechanisms have been put forward to explain the presumed link between microbial infections and myelin...article 2000
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Drullman, R. (author), Bronkhorst, A.W. (author)In a 3D auditory display sounds are presented over headphones in a way that they seem to originate from virtual sources in a space around the listener. This paper describes a study on the possible merits of such a display for bandlimited speech with respect to intelligibility and talker recognition against a background of competing voices....article 2000