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Schaudien, D. (author), Harleman, J.H. (author), Bouallala, F. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author)Toxicologic pathology plays a crucial role in the identification and interpretation of substance-induced health effects. Histology of lymphoid organs is quite sensitive, although it does not flag every model immunotoxic substance. Subtle interferences of toxic compounds, like transmembrane signaling and cell activation, are often not detectable...bookPart 2018
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Ruehl-Fehlert, C. (author), Parker, G.A. (author), Elmore, S.A. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author)Cells of the immune system are found in every organ, from the classic lymphoid organs to tissues such as liver, mucosae, and omental adipose tissue. Toxicity to the immune system may be from a direct or indirect injury to lymphoid organs. The morphological responses range from lymphocyte depletion to proliferation, and may result in an increased...bookPart 2017
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Kooijman, S. (author), Meurs, I. (author), van der Stoep, M. (author), Habets, K.L. (author), Lammers, B. (author), Berbée, J.F.P. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), van Eck, M. (author), Romijn, J.A. (author), Korporaal, S.J.A. (author), Rensen, P.C.N. (author)Summary: Background: The autonomic nervous system attenuates inflammation through activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), a pathway termed the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex. Interestingly, α7nAChR is expressed on immune cells and platelets, both of which play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis....article 2015
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Mariman, R. (author), Tielen, F. (author), Koning, F. (author), Nagelkerken, L. (author)Background: Probiotic bacteria may render mice resistant to the development of various inflammatory and infectious diseases. Objective: This study aimed to identify mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria may influence intestinal immune homeostasis in noninflammatory conditions. Methods: The effect of VSL#3, a mixture of 8 probiotic bacteria, on...article 2015
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Schaudien, D. (author), Harleman, H. (author), Bouallala, F. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author)Toxicologic pathology plays a crucial role in the identification and interpretation of substance-induced health effects. Histology of lymphoid organs is quite sensitive, although it does not flag every model immunotoxic substance. Subtle interferences of toxic compounds, like transmembrane signaling and cell activation, are often not detectable...bookPart 2014
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Kuper, C.F. (author), van Oostrum, L. (author), Ma-Hock, L. (author), Durrer, S. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author)To investigate if local lymphoid tissues are a target of FA, nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT) and upper-respiratory tract-draining lymph nodes were examined in a 28-day inhalation study with FA vapor in Fischer-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.Paraffin-embedded tissues were sectioned and stained with H&E or stained immunohistochemically...article 2011
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van Triel, J.J. (author), van Bree, B.W.J. (author), Roberts, D.W. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Duistermaat, E. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author)Previously, a selection of low molecular weight contact and respiratory allergens had tested positive in both a skin and a respiratory local lymph node assay (LLNA), but formaldehyde was negative for sensitization by inhalation. To investigate whether this was due to intrinsic properties of aldehyde sensitizers, the structurally related allergen...article 2011
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de Jong, W.H. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author), de Klerk, A. (author), Schijf, M.A. (author), Ezendam, J. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)There are currently no validated animal models that can identify low molecular weight (LMW) respiratory sensitizers. The Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) is a validated animal model developed to detect contact sensitizers using skin exposure, but all LMW respiratory sensitizers tested so far were also positive in this assay. Discrimination between...article 2009
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Schijf, M.A. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Irritant-induced inflammation of the airways may aggravate respiratory allergy induced by chemical respiratory allergens. Therefore, the effect of airway irritation by synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) on respiratory allergy to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) was studied. Brown Norway (BN) rats were topically sensitized on day 0 and on day 7,...article 2008
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de Jonge, J.D. (author), Ezendam, J. (author), Knippels, L.M.J. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Pieters, R. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Probiotics are claimed to beneficially affect the immune system and their involvement in allergy prevention is being investigated extensively. However, the efficacy of probiotics in allergy prevention remains controversial. We investigated whether the probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) could modulate the food allergic response against...article 2008
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Kuper, C.F. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), Boorsma, A. (author), Schijf, M.A. (author), Prinsen, M. (author), Bruijntjes, J.P. (author), Bloksma, N. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)All LMW respiratory allergens known to date can also induce skin allergy in test animals. The question here was if in turn skin allergens can induce allergy in the respiratory tract. Respiratory allergy was tested in Th2-prone Brown Norway (BN) rats by dermal sensitization with the contact allergen dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB; 1%, day 0; 0.5%,...article 2008
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Nolte-'t Hoen, E.N.M. (author), Boot, E.P.J. (author), Wagenaar-Hilbers, J.P.A. (author), van Bilsen, J.H.M. (author), Arkesteijn, G.J.A. (author), Storm, G. (author), Everse, L.A. (author), van Eden, W. (author), Wauben, M.H.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Major problems in the analysis of CD4+ effector cell and regulatory T cell (Treg) populations in an activated immune system are caused by the facts that both cell types can express CD25 and that the discriminatory marker forkhead box p3 can only be analyzed in nonviable (permeabilized) cells. Here, we show that CD134 (OX40) can be used as a...article 2008
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), de Jong, W.H. (author), van Triel, J.J. (author), Schijf, M.A. (author), de Klerk, A. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is used to test the potential of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds to induce sensitization via the skin. In the present study, a respiratory LLNA was developed. Male BALB/c mice were exposed head/nose-only during three consecutive days for 45, 90, 180, or 360 min/day to various LMW allergens. Ear application ...article 2008
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Kel, J.M. (author), de Geus, E.D. (author), van Stipdonk, M.J. (author), Drijfhout, J.W. (author), Koning, F. (author), Nagelkerken, L. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)In this study, we investigated the development of T cell responses in mice after administration of a mannosylated ovalbumin peptide (M-OVA323-339). Immunization with M-OVA323-339 in complete adjuvant resulted in enhanced antigen presentation in draining lymph nodes. Monitoring the fate of CFSE-labeled ovalbumin peptide-specific TCR transgenic...article 2008
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de Jonge, J.D. (author), Ezendam, J. (author), Knippels, L.M.J. (author), Odink, J. (author), Pourier, M.S. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Pieters, R. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Other factors than the allergen itself may be of importance in the development of food allergy. This report describes the influence of the immunosuppressive compound bis(tributyltin)oxide (TBTO), present in the food chain, on the development of food allergy to peanut or ovalbumin in Brown Norway (BN) rats. To study these effects BN rats were...article 2007
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van Wijk, F. (author), Knippels, L. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Immediately after birth the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, which represents the greatest body surface area exposed to the outside environment, is confronted with a large variety of foreign antigens. The immune system of the intestine now has to meet the task of discriminating between pathogens and harmless antigens, such as food proteins...article 2007
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Jacobs, J.J.L. (author), Lehé, C.L. (author), Hasegawa, H. (author), Elliott, G.R. (author), Das, P.K. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Skin irritants and contact allergens reduce the number of Langerhans cells (LCs). It has been assumed that this reduction is due their migration to the draining lymph node (LN) for initiating immune sensitization in a host. Skin irritation, however, as opposed to contact allergy is not considered to be an immunological disease. Nevertheless,...article 2006
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Wang, C. (author), Chou, Y.K. (author), Rich, C.M. (author), Link, J.M. (author), Afentoulis, M.E. (author), van Noort, J.M. (author), Wawrousek, E.F. (author), Offner, H. (author), van den Bark, A.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Alpha B-crystallin (αB) is a small heat shock protein that is strongly up-regulated in multiple sclerosis (MS) brain tissue, and can induce strong T cell responses. Assessing a potential encephalitogenic function for αB protein in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been challenging due to its ubiquitous expression that...article 2006
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van Wijk, F. (author), Nierkens, S. (author), Hassing, I. (author), Feijen, M. (author), Koppelman, S.J. (author), de Jong, G.A.H. (author), Pieters, R. (author), Knippels, L.M.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)There is little knowledge about the factors that determine the allergenicity of food proteins. One aspect that remains to be elucidated is the effect of the food matrix on immune responses to food proteins. To study the intrinsic immunogenicity of allergens and the influence of the food matrix, purified peanut allergens (Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h...article 2005
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Germolec, D.R. (author), Kashon, M. (author), Nyska, A. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Portier, C. (author), Kommineni, C. (author), Johnson, K.A. (author), Luster, M.I. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The accuracy of extended histopathology to detect immunotoxic chemicals in female B6C3F1 mice was evaluated under the auspices of the National Toxicology Program (NTP). A workgroup was formed consisting of four pathologists who conducted extended histopathological evaluation of lymphoid tissues obtained from a subset of NTP toxicology studies,...article 2004
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