A casein hydrolysate based formulation attenuates obesity and associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis in LDLr-/-.Leiden mice

Background: Obesity frequently associates with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis. Chronic inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT) seems to be an important driver of these manifestations. Objective: This study investigated a combination of an extensively hydrolyzed casein (eHC), docosahexaenoic...

The insulin resistance phenotype (muscle or liver) interacts with the type of diet to determine changes in disposition index after 2 years of intervention: The CORDIOPREV-DIAB randomised clinical trial

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of the study was to determine whether basal insulin resistance (IR) phenotype (muscle and/or liver) determines the effect of long-term consumption of a Mediterranean diet or a low-fat diet on tissue-specific IR and beta cell function. Methods: The study was performed in 642 patients included in The effect of an olive oil...

Effects of anthocyanin and flavanol compunds on lipid metabolism and adipose tissue associated systemic inflammation in diet-induced obesity

Background. Naturally occurring substances from the flavanol and anthocyanin family of polyphenols have been proposed to exert beneficial effects in the course of obesity. We hypothesized that their effects on attenuating obesity-induced dyslipidemia as well as the associated inflammatory sequelae especially have health-promoting potential....

Network-based integration of molecular and physiological data elucidates regulatory mechanisms underlying adaptation to high-fat diet

Health is influenced by interplay of molecular, physiological and environmental factors. To effectively maintain health and prevent disease, health-relevant relations need to be understood at multiple levels of biological complexity. Network-based methods provide a powerful platform for integration and mining of data and knowledge characterizing...

Drugs that reverse disease transcriptomic signatures are more effective in a mouse model of dyslipidemia

High-throughput omics have proven invaluable in studying human disease, and yet day-to-day clinical practice still relies on physiological, non-omic markers. The metabolic syndrome, for example, is diagnosed and monitored by blood and urine indices such as blood cholesterol levels. Nevertheless, the association between the molecular and the...

Anti-inflammatory salicylate beneficially modulates pre-existing atherosclerosis through quenching of NF-κB activity and lowering of cholesterol

Objective: Inflammation plays an important role in all stages of atherosclerosis, but little is known about the therapeutic effects of quenching inflammation in already existing atherosclerotic lesions. Putative beneficial effects of salicylate, an inhibitor of NF-κB activation, were studied in mice with established lesions. Methods: ApoE*3...

Subchronic (13-week) oral toxicity study, preceded by an in utero exposure phase, with arachidonate-enriched triglyceride oil (SUNTGA40S) in rats

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are natural constituents found in human milk, fish oil or egg yolk. Until recently, infant formulas, though providing the essential fatty acid precursors for these PUFAs, did not contain preformed ARA or DHA. In this study the safety of SUNTGA40S...

Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk: Results from three cohort studies in the DIETSCAN project

Objective: Only a few consistent findings on individual foods or nutrients that influence breast cancer risk have emerged thus far. Since people do not consume individual foods but certain combinations of them, the analysis of dietary patterns may offer an additional aspect for assessing associations between diet and diseases such as breast...

The role of friction in perceived oral texture

Instrumentally measured in vitro friction in semi-solid foods was related to oral texture sensations. Increased fat content resulted in lower sensations of roughness, higher sensations of creaminess, and lower friction, suggesting that lubrication is the mechanism by which fat affects oral texture in low fat foods. Starch breakdown by salivary...

Sensory-specific satiety in obese and normal-weight women

Background: Sensory-specific satiety has been found to play an important role in food choice and meal termination, and it might be a factor contributing to obesity. Objective: We hypothesized that obese and normal-weight people have different sensitivities to sensory-specific satiety for high-fat foods. Design: Sensory-specific satiety was...

The effect of oral and product temperature on the perception of flavor and texture attributes of semi-solids

This study examined the effect of oral and product temperature on the perception of texture and flavor attributes. A trained panel assessed 21 texture and flavor attributes in one high-fat and one low-fat product of two semi-solids: custard dessert and mayonnaise. The products were evaluated at 10, 22 or 35°C in combination with oral...

Influence of dietary components associated with high or low risk of colon cancer on apoptosis in the rat colon

Although there is much epidemiological evidence for an interaction between diet and colorectal cancer risk, the mechanisms by which diet might protect against colorectal cancer are still unclear. Here we report the significant up-regulation of carcinogen-induced apoptosis in the colon of rats fed a diet containing low-risk factors for colon...

A low-fat diet has a higher potential than energy restriction to improve high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice

Previous studies have shown that energy restriction (ER) or low-fat (LF) diets have beneficial effects on high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. However, comparison between ER and low-fat diet regarding the effect on insulin resistance and lipid metabolism has not been reported. After inducing insulin resistance...

Absence of an inhibitory effect of a vegetables-fruit mixture on the initiation and promotion phases of azoxymethane-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in rats fed low- or high-fat diets

The potential inhibitory effects of a vegetables-fruit mixture on the initiation and promotion phases of azoxymethane-induced colorectal carcinogenesis were examined in rats fed low- or high-fat diets. Rats were fed low-fat diets (20 energy percent, Diets A and B) or high-fat diets (40 energy percent, Diets C and D), supplemented with a...

Fat watch: A nationwide campaign in the Netherlands to reduce fat intake-process evaluations

Fat Watch was a four-year campaign carried out in cooperation with retailers and industry, aiming at a reduction of fat consumption by 10% among the Dutch population. Mass media and supermarkets were the main conveyers of the message. Supermarkets participated well in the first (53%) and in the third year (51%), but to a lesser extent in the...

A comparison of the effect of free access to reduced fat products or their full fat equivalents on food intake, body weight, blood lipids and fat-soluble antioxidants levels and haemostasis variables

Objectives: To compare the effects of free access to reduced fat products or their full fat equivalents on fat and energy intake, body weight, plasma lipids and fat-soluble antioxidants concentrations and haemostasis variables. Design: A multicentre open randomised controlled trial in which intervention and control groups were followed in...

Consumption of reduced-fat products: Effects on parameters of anti-oxidative capacity

Objective: Dietary fat intake is higher than recommended in most western countries and is associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and cancer. The growing public concern about the adverse effects of a high fat intake has led to an increased availability of 'reduced-fat' products. Consumption of reduced-fat products...