Monoclonal antibodies against the human mannose receptor as a specific marker in flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry for macrophages

Recently we developed mouse monocloual antibodies (mAb) against the isolated human 175-kDa mannose receptor. In the present study we tested whether these mAb are suitable for the detection of the mannose receptor on cultured macrophages using flow cytometry and on cells in human tissues using immunohistochemistry. Human monocytes did not react...

Different effects of lipopolysaccharide on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 production in aortic media in vivo and in culture

Background: Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) has been shown to increase the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) in the vessel wall. Endotoxin is known to increase PAI-1 production in endothelial cells, but its action on smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is presently not clear. In this study we determined the effect of endotoxin...

Intraperitoneal coagulation and fibrinolysis during inflammation: In vivo and in vitro observations

We used continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) as a model to study intraperitoneal fibrin turnover during peritonitis. Activation markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis including prothrombin fragment F1+2 (F1+2), thrombin antithrombin III complex (TAT), fibrin monomer (FM), and fibrin degradation products (FbDP) were measured in the peritoneal...

Effects of verocytotoxin-1 on nonadherent human monocytes: Binding characteristics, protein synthesis, and induction of cytokine release

The epidemic form of the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) has been associated with a verocytotoxin producing Escherichia coli infection. Endothelial cell damage of glomeruli and arterioles of the kidney plays a central role in the pathogenesis of HUS. A number of observations in vivo and in vitro indicate that inflammatory mediators contribute to...

Inhibiting interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α does not reduce induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 by endotoxin in rats in vivo

In experimental animals and humans, intravenous (IV) injection of endotoxin induces large increases in circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), a major inhibitor of blood fibrinolysis. A similar increase is seen after the injection of interleukin-1 (IL-1) or of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), suggesting that these cytokines...

Degradation of tissue-type plasminogen activator by human monocyte- derived macrophages is mediated by the mannose receptor and by the low- density lipoprotein receptor-related protein

The balance of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) production and degradation determines its concentration in blood and tissues. Disturbance of this balance may result in either increased or decreased proteolysis. In the present study, we identified the receptor systems involved in the degradation of t-PA by human monocytes/macrophages in...

Genistein reduces tumor necrosis factor α-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 transcription but not urokinase expression in human endothelial cells

The plasminogen activator inhibitor PAI-1 is markedly elevated in vivo and in vitro upon exposure to the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Here we report that the isoflavone compound genistein prevents the increase in synthesis of PAI-1 induced by these inflammatory...

Pharmacological modulation of the endotoxin-induced increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in rats

Pharmacological modulation of the in vivo induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) synthesis was studied in rats using the induction of PAI-1 by endotoxin as a model system. Both the cyclooxygenase inhibitors acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin enhanced PAI-1 induction. The combined cyclooxygenase-lipoxygenase inhibitor,...

Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 induce expression of the verocytotoxin receptor globotriaosylceramide on human endothelial cells: Implications for the pathogenesis of the hemolytic uremic syndrome

The epidemic form of the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), beginning with an acute gastroenteritis, has been associated with a verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infection. The endothelial cell is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HUS. Endothelial cell damage by verocytotoxin-1 (VT-1) in vitro is potentiated by the...

Characterization and fibrinolytic properties of human omental tissue mesothelial cells. Comparison with endothelial cells

It has been reported that omental fat tissue is a good source of human microvascular endothelial cells. By characterization we demonstrate that the epithelioid cells isolated from omental tissue are not endothelial cells, but mesothelial cells. They contain abundant cytokeratins 8 and 18, which are absent in endothelial cells, and vimentin. No...

The effect of X-rays on the precursors of antibody forming cells (B cells) as measured with the in vitro limiting dilution assay

The effect of X-irradiation upon murine antibody-forming cell precursors (B cells) was established in cultures of spleen cells stimulated with the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). At day 5 and 7 the numbers of IgM- and IgG2-secreting cells were determined in cultures of irradiated and nonirradiated spleen cells. From these numbers a D(o)...

Further studies on mobilization of CFUs

Mobilization of CFUs from haemopoietic tissues into circulation was studied after injection of different bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), zymosan, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), trypsin and di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate-inhibited trypsin. All bacterial LPS used gave an increase of CFUs in the peripheral blood at 1 h after...

Effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on proliferation of CFU-S

Chemicals/CAS: Lipopolysaccharides

Age related changes in ConA and LPS induced lymphocyte transformation. I. Effect of culture conditions on mitogen responses of blood and spleen lymphocytes from young and aged rats

Age related changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (ConA) responsiveness of rat spleen lymphocytes as judged by 14C TdR incorporation were studied. It was found that responses to both mitogens decreased with advancing age. This report shows that the reduced 14C TdR incorporation could not be attributed to decreased cell survival...