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van der Voort, M.M. (author), Holm, K.B. (author), Kummer, P.O. (author), Teland, J.A. (author), van Doormaal, J.C.A.M. (author), Dijkers, H.P.A. (author)An important blast injury mechanism is the rupture of the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. In explosives safety studies and threat analysis the empirical model of Bowen is often used to quantify this mechanism. The original model predicts the lethality for a person in front of a reflecting surface caused by simple Friedlander blast waves....article 2016
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Bolle, L.J. (author), de Jong, C.A.F. (author), Bierman, S.M. (author), van van Beek, P.J.G. (author), Wessels, P.W. (author), Blom, E. (author), van Damme, C.J.G. (author), Winter, H.V. (author), Dekeling, R.P.A. (author)Concern exists about the potential effects of pile-driving sounds on fish, but evidence is limited, especially for fish larvae. A device was developed to expose larvae to accurately reproduced pile-driving sounds. Controlled exposure experiments were carried out to examine the lethal effects in common sole larvae. No significant effects were...conference paper 2016
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Buist, H.E. (author), Devito, S. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), Venhorst, J. (author), Kroese, E.D. (author)Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are considered vital and economic elements for achieving global CO2 reduction targets, and is currently introduced worldwide (for more information on CCS, consult for example the websites of the International Energy Agency (http://www.iea.org/topics/ccs/) and the Global CCS Institute (http://www...article 2015
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Toet, A. (author)Despite the advent of remotely operated and autonomous targeting systems, human (direct) vision is still critical for the successful performance of many tasks on the battlefield. Since high intensity light sources have the potential to generate a variety of disturbing visual effects, ranging from short-term disruption to lasting eye damage, they...conference paper 2014
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Valente, F. (author), van der Horst, M.J. (author), Paulissen, J.J.M. (author), Zwamborn, A.P.M. (author), Toet, A. (author)The group of NLW that arguably offers the largest amount of useful applications are based on high power electromagnetic millimetre wave technology. This group is often referred to as ‘Active Denial Systems’ (ADS), since they are primarily aimed at deterring and dispersing people out of an area. The effect mechanism involves radiating millimetre...conference paper 2013
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Toet, A. (author), Benoist, K.W. (author), van Lingen, J.N.J. (author), Schleijpen, H.M.A. (author)There are many weapon systems in which a human operator acquires a target, tracks it and designates it. Optical countermeasures against this type of systems deny the operator the possibility to fulfill this visual task. We describe the different effects that result from stimulation of the human visual system with high intensity (visible) light,...conference paper 2013
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Toet, A. (author), Alferdinck, J.W.A.M. (author)In this study we investigated the effectiveness of high power illuminators that are intended to be used as warning devices or non-lethal weapons to deny car drivers their view on the outside world through windscreens. The test is based on a measurement of the amount of veiling glare resulting when a high intensity light source hits a windscreen....conference paper 2013
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- Paulissen, J.M. (author) conference paper 2012
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Bolle, L.J. (author), de Jong, C.A.F. (author), Bierman, S.M. (author), van Beek, P.J.G. (author), van Keeken, O.A. (author), Wessels, P.W. (author), van Damme, C.J.G. (author), Winter, H.V. (author), de Haan, D. (author), Dekeling, R.P.A. (author)In view of the rapid extension of offshore wind farms, there is an urgent need to improve our knowledge on possible adverse effects of underwater sound generated by pile-driving. Mortality and injuries have been observed in fish exposed to loud impulse sounds, but knowledge on the sound levels at which (sub-)lethal effects occur is limited for...article 2012
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van Doormaal, J.C.A.M. (author), van der Voort, M.M. (author), Weerheijm, J. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Risk analysis tools use probit functions to quantify the risk of lethality due to glass breakage. These probit functions are often based on data for an average sized or standard sized window. In reality however, there will be a range of window sizes and thicknesses. As a result, the current probits have the following shortcomings: - The...conference paper 2010
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Verhagen, T.L.A. (author), van de Voorde, M.J. (author)Warfare has changed. Out-of-area operations have increased the awareness that we are unfamiliar with the performance of the current conventional medium and large calibre ammunitions in day-to-day practice. Current ammunition is primarily developed and procured to defeat the traditional ‘steel’ targets, but in reality also used to defeat opposing...conference paper 2010
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Freidig, A.P. (author), Dekkers, S. (author), Verwei, M. (author), Zvinavashe, E. (author), Bessems, J.G.M. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Future EU legislations enforce a fast hazard and risk assessment of thousands of existing chemicals. If conducted by means of present data requirements, this assessment will use a huge number of test animals and will be neither cost nor time effective. The purpose of the current research was to develop methods to increase the acceptability of in...article 2007
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Gray, S.L. (author), Dalla Nora, E. (author), Grosse, J. (author), Manieri, M. (author), Stoeger, T. (author), Medina-Gomez, G. (author), Burling, K. (author), Wattler, S. (author), Russ, A. (author), Yeo, G.S.H. (author), Chatterjee, V.K. (author), O'Rahilly, S. (author), Voshol, P.J. (author), Cinti, S. (author), Vidal-Puig, A. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ is a key transcription factor facilitating fat deposition in adipose tissue through its proadipogenic and lipogenic actions. Human patients with dominant-negative mutations in PPARγ display lipodystrophy and extreme insulin resistance. For this reason it was completely unexpected that mice...article 2006
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Boesten, L.S.M. (author), Zadelaar, A.S.M. (author), de Clercq, S. (author), Francoz, S. (author), van Nieuwkoop, A. (author), Biessen, E.A.L. (author), Hofmann, F. (author), Feil, S. (author), Feil, R. (author), Jochemsen, A.G. (author), Zurcher, C. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), van Vlijmen, B.J.M. (author), Marine, J.C. (author)p53 is a potent inhibitor of cell growth and an inducer of apoptosis. During embryonic development, Mdm2 and Mdm4 inhibit the growth suppressive activities of p53. However, whether tight surveillance of p53 activity is required in quiescent cells is unknown. To test this, conditional inactivation of mdm2 and mdm4 was carried out in smooth muscle...article 2006
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- Gennari, A. (author), van den Berghe, C. (author), Casati, S. (author), Castell, J. (author), Clemedson, C. (author), Coecke, S. (author), Colombo, A. (author), Curren, R. (author), Dal Negro, G. (author), Goldberg, A. (author), Gosmore, C. (author), Hartung, T. (author), Langezaal, I. (author), Lessigiarska, I. (author), Maas, W. (author), Mangelsdorf, I. (author), Parchment, R. (author), Prieto, P. (author), Sintes, J.R. (author), Ryan, M. (author), Schmuck, G. (author), Stitzel, K. (author), Stokes, W. (author), Vericat, J.A. (author), Gribaldo, L. (author), TNO Voeding (author) article 2004
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van Helden, H.P.M. (author), Kuijpers, W.C. (author), Diemel, R.V. (author)The purpose of the present study was to investigate: (1) the acute effects of sulfur mustard on airway, lung, and surface tension of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALfluid) in guinea pigs following intratracheal (i.t.) exposure to 1LD50 of an aerosolized solution of sulfur mustard in saline, and (2) the therapeutic efficacy of i.t....article 2004
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Griffioen-Young, H.G. (author), TNO Technische Menskunde (author)De effecten van diverse niet-lethale wapens (NLW) worden in kaart gebracht. Dit resulteert in een zoekbare database en een grafische interpretatie van hoe de verschillende technologieen zich tot elkaar verhouden.conference paper 2003
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Janssen, H.J.W. (author), Jansen, E.J.M. (author), TNO Technische Menskunde (author)This study examines the decision-making process that underlies the choice between lethal and non-lethal force. The focus os on the psychological procecesses, such as expectations and uncertainty, and situational factors, such ad pressure and ambiguity.conference paper 2003
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van der Schans, M.J. (author), Lander, B.J. (author), van der Wiel, H. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author), Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author)In continuation of our investigations on the toxicokinetics of the volatile nerve agents C(±)P(±)-soman and (±)-sarin, we now report on the toxicokinetics of the rather nonvolatile agent (±)-VX. A validated method was developed to determine blood levels of (±)-VX by means of achiral gas chromatography at blood levels ≥10 pg/ml. The ratio of the...article 2003
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Wolken, W.A.M. (author), Tramper, J. (author), van der Werf, M.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Spores, although often considered metabolically inert, catalyze a variety of reactions. The use of spores instead of mycelium for bioconversions has several advantages. In this paper, we describe the difference in susceptibility of mycelium and spores against toxic substrates and products. A higher resistance of spores toward the toxic effects...article 2002
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