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van de Wiele, T.R. (author), Oomen, A.G. (author), Wragg, J. (author), Cave, M. (author), Minekus, M. (author), Hack, A. (author), Cornelis, C. (author), Rompelberg, C.J.M. (author), de Zwart, L.L. (author), Klinck, B. (author), van Wijnen, J. (author), Verstraete, W. (author), Sips, A.J.A.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This paper presents a multi-laboratory comparison study of in vitro models assessing bioaccessibility of soil-bound lead in the human gastrointestinal tract under simulated fasted and fed conditions. Oral bioavailability data from a previous human in vivo study on the same soil served as a reference point. In general, the bioaccessible lead...article 2007
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Tukker, A. (author), Buist, H. (author), van Oers, L. (author), van der Voet, E. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The EU Commission's Services asked TNO and CML to perform a study into the risks of the present uses of lead over time, as an input to a discussion on the need of a further reduction of the use of this material. The study was set up as a substance flow analysis to analyse trends in uses and emissions of lead in Europe between 2000 and 2030. The...article 2006
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Oomen, A.G. (author), Tolls, J. (author), Sips, A.J.A.M. (author), Groten, J.P. (author)Children might be exposed substantially to contaminants such as lead via soil ingestion. In risk assessment of soil contaminants there is a need for information on oral bioavailability of soilborne lead. Oral bioavailability can be seen as the result of four steps: (1) soil ingestion; (2) mobilization from soil during digestion, i.e.,...article 2003
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Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author), Spit, B.J. (author), Wibowo, A.A.E. (author), Ferron, V.J. (author), Zielhuis, R.L. (author)Electron microscopical studies were carried out on the kidneys of rabbits given s.c. injections of 0 (control), 0.25 or 0.50 mg lead acetate/kg b.w. 3 times a week during 14 weeks. At the end of the experimental period the animals had lead blood levels of 60, 500 and 600 ??g/1 whole blood respectively. Treatment-related renal changes were found...article 1981