Effect of water mist on the dispersion of a flammable gas inside traffic tunnels: an LPG experimental study

The release of flammable gases inside a traffic tunnel can result in a hazardous atmosphere, potentially leading to explosions. The use of mechanized ventilation and water mist systems for fire protection, could improve the safety of road tunnels in case of accidents or fires by mitigating the explosive area of the released gas. The effects of...

Factsheets Brandstoffen voor het wegverkeer; Kenmerken en perspectief

Het doel van dit document over brandstoffen voor het wegverkeer is het geven van overzicht en inzicht in de belangrijkste eigenschappen van alternatieve brandstoffen en daarvoor geschikte motoren. Hierbij komen aan de orde: — Praktische toepasbaarheid in een voertuig — Luchtverontreinigende emissies in vergelijking met een referentiebrandstof —...

Risk reduction in road and rail LPG transportation by passive fire protection

The potential reduction of risk in LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) road transport due to the adoption of passive fire protections was investigated. Experimental data available for small scale vessels fully engulfed by a fire were extended to real scale road and rail tankers through a finite elements model. The results of mathematical simulations...

Spreading the word of the concept 'inherent safety' in a general industrial setting in the Dutch province of Zeeland

Recent accidents in The Netherlands in different kinds of industries, like fire works storage, catering and energy industry, triggered the Dutch government to start a national program to enhance the enforcement of industrial safety at the regional and municipal level. Stimulated by this program the Province of Zeeland developed its own external...

Ketenstudies ammoniak, chloor en LPG: gedeelde risico's : externe veiligheid productieketens

Dit Hoofdrapport geeft de hoofdlijnen weer van de resultaten van de "Integrale Ketenstudies ammoniak, chloor en LPG" en plaatst ze in de context van het denken over externe veiligheid (EV). Doel van het project Ketenstudies is het inventariseren en analyseren van de EV-problematiek rond ammoniak, chloor en LPG in Nederland en het selecteren van...

Productketenanalyses ammoniak chloor en LPG. Fase 1: Technische / grondstoffelijke / economische en externe veiligheidsaspecten van de ketens

Evaluation of the environmental impact of modern passenger cars on petrol, diesel, automotive LPG and CNG

The project reported here concerns an investigation into the environmental performance of modern passenger cars on four different fuels: petrol, diesel, automotive LPG and CNG. The objectives of the project were twofold: - To make a valid and useful comparison between modern vehicles fuelled by these four fuels, as a possible basis for...

In-use compliance programme - Overview of Automotive LPG vehicles 1999-2003

This report presents a general overview of the results of automotive LPG vehicles that have been tested within the framework of the Dutch In-Use Compliance programme for passenger cars over the years 1999 to 2003. The work in these years was executed under a contract with the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment. The...

Kwantitatieve Risico-analyse generiek voor LPG-tankstations: Hoofdrapport

Risk comparison of LPG and petrol vehicles in public car parks

LPG is generally considered as a clean fuel for cars in comparison with petrol. Although from an environmentally point of view LPG may be favoured, a further introduction of the use of the fuel is hindered by legislative measures. In some countries cars running on LPG are not allowed to enter public parking garages and tunnels, because of the...

Stoichiometric and lean burn heavy-duty gas engines: A dilemma between emissions and fuel consumption?

This paper compares stoichiometric with lean burn technology for heavy-duty gas engines (natural gas and LPG) and demonstrates that there is a future for both engine concepts on the multilateral global market. Emission limits in Europe as expected in the near future will facilitate both engine concepts. Which of the two concepts is the most...

LPG a clean and efficient motor fuel: Regulated and non-regulated emissions of a commercial attractive LPG vehicle

Excise and other duties measures in Europe, threaten to affect the low price of LPG as a car fuel. As a result, this less polluting fuel would lose position. For this reason the Netherlands LPG industry commissioned TNO to undertake a study which would clearly demonstrate the advantages of LPG. The project was carried out in close cooperation...

Gaseous fuels: Past experiences and future expectations

During the fifties, the use of LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) was promoted in Italy and the Netherlands. The Dutch government promulgated tax regulations which made the use of LPG, available in large quentities as a by-product in the refineries, attractive as an automotive fuel. Dedicated heavy-duty vehicles, mainly city buses, have been used for...

Propane the 'clean' fuel of the next century for light and heavy duty vehicles

Excise and other duty measures in Europe threaten to affect the low price of LPG as a car fuel. As a result this less polluting fuel would lose position. For this reason the Dutch LPG industry commissioned TNO to undertake a study which would clearly demonstrate the advantages of gaseous fuels. Since 1995 it seems that the LPG industry is...

Reductie BLEVE-frequentie van een LPG-tankauto op een autotankstation

Uit de LPG-Integraalstudie [4] blijkt dat de BLEVE van de LPG-Tankauto het risico van het autotankstation domineert (bij ondergrondse opslagtank). In deze studie is nagegaan wat de invloed is van een aantal mogelijk te treffen voorzieníngen aan de LPG-tankauto en het LPG-autotankstation op de frequentie van een BLEVE van de LPG-tankauto. De te...