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Botschuijver, S. (author), Roeselers, G. (author), Levin, E. (author), Jonkers, D.M. (author), Welting, O. (author), Heinsbroek, S.E.M. (author), de Weerd, H.H. (author), Boekhout, T. (author), Fornai, M. (author), Masclee, A.A. (author), Schuren, F.H.J. (author), de Jonge, W.J. (author), Seppen, J. (author), van den Wijngaard, R.M. (author)Background & Aims Visceral hypersensitivity is one feature of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Bacterial dysbiosis might be involved in the activation of nociceptive sensory pathways, but there have been few studies of the role of the mycobiome (the fungal microbiome) in the development of IBS. We analyzed intestinal mycobiomes of patients with...article 2017
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Terwoert, J. (author)Allergens are substances that may cause a hypersensitivity (allergy) of the immune system. After acquiring this hypersensitivity, further exposure to the same substance may result in allergic skin disease such as allergic contact dermatitis, or allergic airway disease such as allergic rhinitis or asthma. Occupational allergens are present in...other 2014
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de Wever, B. (author), Fuchs, H.W. (author), Gaca, M. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author), Mikulowski, S. (author), Poth, A. (author), Roggen, E.L. (author), Vilà, M.R. (author)At the IVTIP (In Vitro Testing Industrial Platform) meeting of November 26th 2009 entitled 'Toxicology in the 21st century ('21C') - working our way towards a visionary reality' all delegates endorsed the emerging concept of the '21C' vision as the way forward to enable a thorough, reliable and systematic approach to future toxicity testing...article 2012
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Schaafsma, G. (author), Hertsenberg, A.J. (author), Marquart, J. (author)Within the framework of REACH, an assessment regarding local dermal effects and skin sensitisation should be performed for substances. Quantitative hazard information for these effects is often not available. Furthermore, it is difficult to relate the way in which animals are exposed in dermal toxicity studies directly to dermal exposure in...article 2011
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Scott, L. (author), Eskes, C. (author), Hoffmann, S. (author), Adriaens, E. (author), Alepée, N. (author), Bufo, M. (author), Clothier, R. (author), Facchini, D. (author), Faller, C. (author), Guest, R. (author), Harbell, J. (author), Hartung, T. (author), Kamp, H. (author), Varlet, B.L. (author), Meloni, M. (author), McNamee, P. (author), Osborne, R. (author), Pape, W. (author), Pfannenbecker, U. (author), Prinsen, M. (author), Seaman, C. (author), Spielmann, H. (author), Stokes, W. (author), Trouba, K. (author), Berghe, C.V.d. (author), Goethem, F.V. (author), Vassallo, M. (author), Vinardell, P. (author), Zuang, V. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)In spite of over 20 years of effort, no single in vitro assay has been developed and validated as a full regulatory replacement for the Draize Eye Irritation test. However, companies have been using in vitro methods to screen new formulations and in some cases as their primary assessment of eye irritation potential for many years. The present...article 2010
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van der Veek, P.P.J. (author), Dusseldorp, E. (author), van Rood, Y.R. (author), Masclee, A.A.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objective: The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is probably multifactorial with dysfunction at different levels of the brain-gut axis. The aim of this study was to evaluate an existing biobehavioral model of IBS symptom generation in a large group of patients. Material and Methods: In 104 IBS patients, we assessed symptom severity...article 2010
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Jacobs, E.J. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Irritant-induced inflammation of the airways may aggravate respiratory allergy induced by chemical respiratory allergens. Therefore, it was studied whether airway irritation by sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) would enhance respiratory allergic reactions to trimellitic anhydride (TMA), using a rat model. Brown Norway (BN) rats were topically...article 2010
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van de Briel, R.J. (author), Pennings, J.L.A. (author), Baken, K.A. (author), Pronk, T.E. (author), Boorsma, A. (author), Gottschalk, R. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Many chemicals can induce allergic contact dermatitis. Because evaluation of skin sensitizing potential by animal testing is prohibited for cosmetics, and screening of many chemicals is required within Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals, urgent need exists for predictive in vitro assays to identify contact...article 2010
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Buist, H.E. (author), Schaafsma, G. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Quantification of skin absorption is an essential step in reducing the uncertainty of dermal risk assessment. Data from literature indicate that the relative dermal absorption of substances is dependent on dermal loading. Therefore, an internal exposure calculated with absorption data determined at a dermal loading not comparable to the actual...article 2009
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Schutte, K. (author), Prinsen, M.K. (author), McNamee, P.M. (author), Roggeband, R. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Eye irritation is an important endpoint in the safety evaluation of consumer products and their ingredients. Several in vitro methods have been developed and are used by different industry sectors to assess eye irritation. One such in vitro method in use for some time already is the isolated chicken eye test (ICE). This investigation focuses on...article 2009
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Kuper, C.F. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), Boorsma, A. (author), Schijf, M.A. (author), Prinsen, M. (author), Bruijntjes, J.P. (author), Bloksma, N. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)All LMW respiratory allergens known to date can also induce skin allergy in test animals. The question here was if in turn skin allergens can induce allergy in the respiratory tract. Respiratory allergy was tested in Th2-prone Brown Norway (BN) rats by dermal sensitization with the contact allergen dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB; 1%, day 0; 0.5%,...article 2008
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He, T. (author), Venema, K. (author), Priebe, M.G. (author), Welling, G.W. (author), Brummer, R.J.M. (author), Vonk, R.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), KvL (author)Lactose maldigestion and intolerance affect a large part of the world population. The underlying factors of lactose intolerance are not fully understood. In this review, the role of colonic metabolism is discussed, i.e. fermentation of lactose by the colonic microbiota, colonic processing of the fermentation metabolites and how these processes...article 2008
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Rusch, G.M. (author), Bowden, A.M. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Arts, J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The objectives of this study were to examine the respiratory irritancy of boron trifluoride (BF3) and fluorosulfonic acid (FSA) following acute inhalation exposure. Testing was conducted using groups of 10 male and 10 female rats (BF3) or groups of 6 male rats (FSA). Rats were exposed for a single 4-h period (BF3) or a single 1-h period (FSA)...article 2008
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The paper aims to evaluate the indoor air limit of 1 μg/m3 (0.8 ppb) formaldehyde as advised by the European Commission [the INDEX project; Kotzias, D., Koistinen, K., Kephalopoulos, S., Schlitt, C., Carrer, P., Maroni, M., Jantunen, M., Cochet, C., Kirchner, S., Lindvall, T., McLaughlin, J., Mølhave, L., de Oliveira Fernandes, E., Seifert, B.,...article 2008
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van Wendel de Joode, B. (author), Vermeulen, R. (author), Heederik, D. (author), van Ginkel, K. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)We performed an exploratory study to evaluate 2 self-administered questionnaires assessing hand dermatitis and investigate a possible exposure-response relationship between dermal exposure to semi-synthetic metalworking fluids (SMWF) and dermatitis. In a cross-sectional survey on dermatitis, a symptom-based questionnaire and a picture-based skin...article 2007
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)At present, there are no widely applied or fully validated test methods to identify respiratory LMW allergens, i.e. compounds that are considered capable of inducing allergic asthma. Most tests have been investigated using strong respiratory allergens. Moreover, they are meant to detect the potential of a chemical to induce respiratory...article 2007
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- Buist, H.E. (author), Schaafsma, G. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author) article 2007
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Nohynek, G.J. (author), Meuling, W.J.A. (author), Vaes, W.H.J. (author), Lawrence, R.S. (author), Shapiro, S. (author), Schulte, S. (author), Steiling, W. (author), Bausch, J. (author), Gerber, E. (author), Sasa, H. (author), Nau, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: Vitamin A is widely used in cosmetic preparations. Given that oral Vitamin A and its metabolites present a potential reproductive risk, the present study investigated the effect of topical Vitamin A on human endogenous plasma levels of Vitamin A and its metabolites. Methods: Two groups of 14 female volunteers of child-bearing age...article 2006
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- Prinsen, M.K. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2006
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Lehé, C.L. (author), Jacobs, J.J.L. (author), Hua, C.M. (author), Courtellemont, P. (author), Elliott, G.R. (author), Das, P.K. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)The accelerated migration of Langerhans cells (LCs) out of the epidermis and up-regulation of maturation markers, upon treatment with subtoxic concentrations of chemicals, were used as the criteria to determine the potential of allergenic chemicals capable of inducing a hapten-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Here we report the...article 2006