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Joosen, M.J.A. (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), van Dijk, C.G.M. (author), Kuijpers, W.C. (author), Wortelboer, H.M. (author), van Helden, H.P.M. (author)One of the shortcomings of current treatment of nerve agent poisoning is that oximes hardly penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), whereas nerve agents easily do. Increasing the concentration of oximes in the brain, would therefore provide an attractive approach to improve medical countermeasures. An explanation for limited penetration might...article 2011
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van Hoof, J.J. (author), van der Lely, N. (author), Bouthoorn, S.H. (author), van Dalen, W.E. (author), Pereira, R.R. (author)Purpose: To monitor the prevalence of, and the circumstances leading to, adolescent alcohol intoxication admissions in Dutch hospital departments of pediatrics. Methods: Data were collected in 2007 and 2008, using the Dutch Pediatric Surveillance System, in which pediatricians received questionnaires on varying issues, including adolescent...article 2011
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de Haas, E.M. (author), Kraak, M.H.S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The absence of species in polluted sediments does not necessarily imply exclusion due to toxicity. Other factors, like for instance food availability and oxygen content, could also partly cause their absence. Hence, knowledge of the (combinations of) factors acting on individual organisms is essential in order to understand how populations can...article 2008
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van der Schans, M.J. (author), Lander, B.J. (author), van der Wiel, H. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author), Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author)In continuation of our investigations on the toxicokinetics of the volatile nerve agents C(±)P(±)-soman and (±)-sarin, we now report on the toxicokinetics of the rather nonvolatile agent (±)-VX. A validated method was developed to determine blood levels of (±)-VX by means of achiral gas chromatography at blood levels ≥10 pg/ml. The ratio of the...article 2003
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Smit, L.A.M. (author), van Wendel- de Joode, B.N. (author), Heederik, D. (author), Peiris-John, R.J. (author), van der Hoek, W. (author)Background: In many agricultural districts in Sri Lanka, pesticide poisoning is a leading cause of death. This study aims to evaluate the impact of pesticide use on Sri Lankan farmers' health. Methods: A total of 260 subjects were surveyed in both a low and a high exposure period. Acetylcholinesterase activity was measured and data on symptoms...article 2003
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Fidder, A. (author), Hulst, A.G. (author), Noort, D. (author), de Ruiter, R. (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author)In this paper a novel and general procedure is presented for detection of organophosphate-inhibited human butyrylcholinesterase (HuBuChE), which is based on electrospray tandem mass spectrometric analysis of phosphylated nonapeptides obtained after pepsin digestion of the enzyme. The utility of this method is exemplified by the positive analysis...article 2002
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Bueters, T.J.H. (author), Groen, B. (author), Danhof, M. (author), IJzerman, A.P. (author), van Helden, H.P.M. (author), Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO (author)The objective of the present study was to investigate whether reduction of central acetylcholine (ACh) accumulation by adenosine receptor agonists could serve as a generic treatment against organophosphate (OP) poisoning. The OPs studied were tabun (O-ethyl-N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate), sarin (isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate), VX (O...article 2002
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Magos, L. (author), TNO BIBRA International Ltd, Woodmansterne Rd, Carshalton, Surrey SM5 4DS, United Kingdom Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author)Chemicals/CAS: Biological Products; Ethylmercury Compounds; Food Additives; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Thimerosal, 54-64-8article 2001
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Noort, D. (author), Fidder, A. (author), Hulst, A.G. (author), de Jong, L.P.A. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author), Department of Chemical Toxicology, TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory, PO Box 45, 2280 AA Rijswijk, Netherlands Department of Analysis of Toxic and Explosive Substances, TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory, PO Box 45, 2280 AA Rijswijk, Netherlands (author)Experiments were carried out to develop a standard operating procedure for analysis of sulfur mustard adducts to the N-terminal valine in haemoglobin and to explore adduct formation with albumin and keratin. In the first approach, gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (GC-NCI/MS) of the thiohydantoin sample subsequent...article 2000
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- Notermans, S. (author), Batt, C.A. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author) article 1998
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van den Berg, H. (author), Hulshof, K.F.A.M. (author), Deslypere, J.P. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Objective: To assess the distribution of dietary vitamin A intake among Dutch women aged 16-50 and among pregnant women, and to evaluate the effect of the use of a vitamin A (1200 RE) containing multivitamin supplement in terms of nutritional and teratogenic risk. Study design: Data from the 2nd Dutch national food consumption survey (1992) were...article 1996
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Kuijpers, M.H.M. (author), van de Kooij, A.J. (author), Slootweg, P.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Microscopic examination of the incisors of rats and mice may reveal toxicologically significant changes. First, the incisor morphology reflects the nutritional status of the animal: fluctuations of mineral metabolism and vitamin availability are disclosed by the rodent incisors, because the incisors continue to grow during life. Similarly,...article 1996
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TNO Prins Maurits Laboratorium (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), de Jong, L.P.A. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author)Several p-nitrophenyl phosphoramidates with the general formula RO(NH2)P(O)OC6H4-p-NO2, in which R = CH2CH3, CH2CH2F, CH2CHF2, CH2CF3, CH2CH2CH2CH3, and CH2CH2Cl, as well as (NH2)2P(O)OC6H4-p-NO2 were administered intravenously to guinea pigs as pretreatment compounds for protection against the lethal effects of 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl...article 1996
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Knook, D.L. (author), Bosma, A. (author), Seifert, W.F. (author), Instituut voor Verouderings- en Vaatziekten Onderzoek TNO (author)The relationship between vitamin A and liver fibrosis was studied with a CCl4-induced fibrosis model in rats. Depending on the time of administration, vitamin A can potentiate or reduce fibrosis: when present during CCl4-treatment parenchymal cell damage and fibrosis were enhanced, whereas vitamin A post-treatment strongly reduced fibrosis....article 1995
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TNO Pharma (author), Melchers, B.P.C. (author), Philippens, I.H.C.H.M. (author), Wolthuis, O.L. (author)The therapeutic efficacy of the oximes HI-6 and HLo-7 (132.5 μmol/kg), in combination with atropine, in soman- or tabun-intoxicated guinea pigs was compared, particularly with respect to recovery of shuttlebox performance and electroencephalograms (EEGs). After 1.5 x LD50 soman SC, therapy with HI-6 or HLo-7 resulted in survival of 87.5% of the...article 1994
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van Helden, H.P.M. (author), van der Wiel, H.J. (author), Zijlstra, J.J. (author), Melchers, B.P.C. (author), Busker, R.W. (author)The oximes HI-6, HLo-7, HGG-12, HGG-42 and obidoxime were used in a previously developed rat model to evaluate the therapeutic effects of oximes other than acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivation (so-called 'nonreactivating effects'). To test this anaesthetized, atropinized and artificially ventilated rats (n = 8 or 16) were poisoned with a...article 1994
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Philippens, I.H.C.H.M. (author), Melchers, B.P.C. (author), de Groot, D.M.G. (author), Wolthuis, O.L. (author)It is known that rats poisoned with near-lethal doses of pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman) develop brain lesions, particularly when convulsions are induced. When rats were intoxicated with a LD50 of soman and treated immediately thereafter with a combination of low doses of atropine and diazepam (LOW AS/DZ treatment), large decrements...article 1992
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Pikaar, N.A. (author), Wedel, M. (author), van der Beek, E.J. (author), van Dokkum, W. (author), Kempen, H.J.M. (author), Kluft, C. (author), Ockhuizen, T. (author), Hermus, R.J.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)To investigate the effect of moderate alcohol consumption on blood constituents related to cardiovascular disease, 12 male volunteers consumed (instead of their usual alcoholic drinks) four different standardized amounts of red wine in addition to their habitual diet. Each dose was given to the subjects during a period of 5 weeks in a randomized...article 1987
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Prins Maurits Laboratorium TNO Medisch Biologisch Laboratorium TNO (author), Benschop, H.P. (author), Bijleveld, E.C. (author), de Jong, L.P.A. (author), van der Wiel, H.J. (author), van Helden, H.P.M. (author)The toxicokinetics of the four stereoisomers of C(??)P(??)-soman were investigated in anesthetized, atropinized, and artificially ventilated rats at iv doses of 6 (495 ??g/kg) and 3 LD50. By integration of a thermodesorption/cold trap injector into our GLC analysis, the soman stereoisomers could be followed in rat blood down to a minimum...article 1987
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Medisch Biologisch Laboratorium TNO (author), Muijser, H. (author), Hoogendijk, E.M.G. (author), Hooisma, J. (author), Twisk, D.A.M. (author)In a group of workers exposed to high levels of lead during five months nerve conduction velocity parameters were evaluated at the termination of exposure, and also three and fifteen months later. At the termination of exposure the mean blood lead level was 4.0 ??mol/l, and motor conduction velocities in the median and the ulnar nerves were...article 1987