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Sitruk-Ware, R.L. (author), Menard, J. (author), Rad, M. (author), Burggraaf, J. (author), de Kam, M.L. (author), Tokay, B.A. (author), Sivin, I. (author), Kluft, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objective: We evaluated the effects of a new combined hormonal contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR) delivering the nonandrogenic progestin Nestorone® (NES) and ethinyl estradiol (EE) on several key estrogen-sensitive hepatic proteins that may be markers for the risk of arterial or venous disease events and on blood pressure (BP). Because the...article 2007
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Schoonen, W.G.E.J. (author), Kloks, C.P.A.M. (author), Ploemen, J.-P.H.T.M. (author), Smit, M.J. (author), Zandberg, P. (author), Horbach, G.J. (author), Mellema, J.-R. (author), van Zuylen, C.T. (author), Tas, A.C. (author), van Nesselrooij, J.H.J. (author), Vogels, J.T.W.E. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)A procedure of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) urinalysis using pattern recognition is proposed for early detection of toxicity of investigational compounds in rats. The method is applied to detect toxicity upon administration of 13 toxic reference compounds and one nontoxic control compound (mianserine) in rats. The toxic compounds are...article 2007
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van Loon, M. (author), Vautard, R. (author), Schaap, M. (author), Bergström, R. (author), Bessagnet, B. (author), Brandt, J. (author), Builtjes, P.J.H. (author), Christensen, J.H. (author), Cuvelier, C. (author), Graff, A. (author), Jonson, J.E. (author), Krol, M. (author), Langner, J. (author), Roberts, P. (author), Rouil, L. (author), Stern, R. (author), Tarrasón, L. (author), Thunis, P. (author), Vignati, E. (author), White, L. (author), Wind, P. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Long-term ozone simulations from seven regional air quality models, the Unified EMEP model, LOTOS-EUROS, CHIMERE, RCG, MATCH, DEHM and TM5, are intercompared and compared to ozone measurements within the framework of the EuroDelta experiment, designed to assess air quality improvement at the European scale in response to emission reduction...article 2007
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Can sickness absence be reduced by stress reduction programs: On the effectiveness of two approachesvan Rhenen, W. (author), Blonk, R.W.B. (author), Schaufeli, W.B. (author), van Dijk, F.J.H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two brief preventive stress reduction programs - a cognitive focused program and a combined intervention of physical exercise and relaxation - on sickness absence in stressed and non-stressed employees working in various jobs in a telecom company. Methods: The study was...article 2007
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van der Werf, M.J. (author), Pieterse, B. (author), van Luijk, N. (author), Schuren, F. (author), van der Werff van der - Vat, B. (author), Overkamp, K. (author), Jellema, R.H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The value of the multivariate data analysis tools principal component analysis (PCA) and principal component discriminant analysis (PCDA) for prioritizing leads generated by microarrays was evaluated. To this end, Pseudomonas putida S12 was grown in independent triplicate fermentations on four different carbon sources, i.e. fructose, glucose,...article 2006
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Blonk, R.W.B. (author), Brenninkmeijer, V. (author), Lagerveld, S.E. (author), Houtman, I.L.D. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), KvL (author)We investigated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and a combined intervention of workplace- and individual-focused techniques among self-employed people on sick leave owing to work-related psychological complaints (such as anxiety, depression, and burnout). Both interventions were based on CBT; however, one was conducted...article 2006
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), van den Berg, R.A. (author), Hoefsloot, H.C.J. (author), Westerhuis, J.A. (author), Smilde, A.K. (author), van der Werf, M.J. (author)Background: Extracting relevant biological information from large data sets is a major challenge in functional genomics research. Different aspects of the data hamper their biological interpretation. For instance, 5000-fold differences in concentration for different metabolites are present in a metabolomics data set, while these differences are...article 2006
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Jansen, J.J. (author), Hoefsloot, H.C.J. (author), van der Greef, J. (author), Timmerman, M.E. (author), Smilde, A.K. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Genomics-based technologies in systems biology have gained a lot of popularity in recent years. These technologies generate large amounts of data. To obtain information from this data, multivariate data analysis methods are required. Many of the datasets generated in genomics are multilevel datasets, in which the variation occurs on different...article 2005
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Buist, H.E. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), van Burgsteden, J.A. (author), de Heer, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The dermal route of exposure is important in worker exposure to biocidal products. Many biocidal active substances which are used on a daily basis may decrease the barrier function of the skin to a larger extent than current risk assessment practice addresses, due to possible skin effects of repeated exposure. The influence of repeated and...article 2005
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Germolec, D.R. (author), Kashon, M. (author), Nyska, A. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Portier, C. (author), Kommineni, C. (author), Johnson, K.A. (author), Luster, M.I. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The accuracy of extended histopathology to detect immunotoxic chemicals in female B6C3F1 mice was evaluated under the auspices of the National Toxicology Program (NTP). A workgroup was formed consisting of four pathologists who conducted extended histopathological evaluation of lymphoid tissues obtained from a subset of NTP toxicology studies,...article 2004
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Smith, R.L. (author), Adams, T.B. (author), Cohen, S.M. (author), Doull, J. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Goodman, J.I. (author), Hall, R.L. (author), Marnett, L.J. (author), Portoghese, P.S. (author), Waddell, W.J. (author), Wagner, B.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Natural flavour complexes (NFCs) are chemical mixtures obtained by applying physical separation methods to botanical sources. Many NFCs are derived from foods. In the present paper, a 12-step procedure for the safety evaluation of NFCs, 'the naturals paradigm', is discussed. This procedure, which is not intended to be viewed as a rigid check...article 2004
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Guimarães, A.H.C. (author), van Tilburg, N.H. (author), Vos, H.L. (author), Bertina, R.M. (author), Rijken, D.C. (author)Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) antigen levels exhibit a large interindividual variability in which genetic control seems to play a major role. However, recent reports have questioned the association between TAFI concentration and genotype, suggesting that variable antibody reactivity towards TAFI isoforms, particularly the...article 2004
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Michielse, C.B. (author), Ram, A.F.J. (author), van den Hondel, C.A.M.J.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The Aspergillus nidulans amdS selection marker was used for the identification of multicopy T-DNA insertions in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Asp. awamori. The selection of transformants on agar plates containing acetamide as sole nitrogen source and hygromycin resulted in a six-fold decrease in the transformation frequency, compared...article 2004
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Twisk, J. (author), Proper, K. (author)The most common way to evaluate the effect of an intervention is to compare the intervention and non-intervention groups regarding the change in the outcome variable between baseline and follow-up; however, there are many different ways to define "changes". The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how different definitions of "change" used...article 2004
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Oral-to-inhalation route extrapolation in occupational health risk assessment: A critical assessmentRennen, M.A.J. (author), Bouwman, T. (author), Wilschut, A. (author), Bessems, J.G.M. (author), de Heer, C. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Due to a lack of route-specific toxicity data, the health risks resulting from occupational exposure are frequently assessed by route-to-route (RtR) extrapolation based on oral toxicity data. Insight into the conditions for and the uncertainties connected with the application of RtR extrapolation has not been clearly described in a systematic...article 2004
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Germolec, D.R. (author), Nyska, A. (author), Kashon, M. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Portier, C. (author), Kommineni, C. (author), Johnson, K.A. (author), Luster, M.I. (author), TNO Voeding (author)There has been considerable interest in the use of expanded histopathology as a primary screen for immunotoxicity assessment. To determine the utility of a semiquantitative histopathology approach for examining specific structural and architectural changes in lymphoid tissues, a validation effort was initiated. This study addresses the...article 2004
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van Mispelaar, V.G. (author), Tas, A.C. (author), Smilde, A.K. (author), Schoenmakers, P.J. (author), van Asten, A.C. (author)Quantitative analysis using comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography (GC) is still rarely reported. This is largely due to a lack of suitable software. The objective of the present study is to generate quantitative results from a large GC x GC data set, consisting of 32 chromatograms. In this data set, six target components need to...article 2003
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van Lieshout, J.J. (author), Toska, K. (author), van Lieshout, E.J. (author), Eriksen, M. (author), Walløe, L. (author), Wesseling, K.H. (author), TNO Biomedical Instrumentation (author)The proper understanding of the cardiovascular mechanisms involved in complaints of short-lasting dizziness and the evaluation of unexplained recurrent syncope requires continuous monitoring of cardiac stroke volume (SV) in addition to blood pressure and heart rate. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate a pulse wave analysis...article 2003
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Verwei, M. (author), Arkbåge, K. (author), Havenaar, R. (author), van den Berg, H. (author), Witthöft, C. (author), Schaafsma, G. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Dairy products are a potential matrix for folate fortification to enhance folate consumption in the Western world. Milk folate-binding proteins (FBP) are especially interesting because they seem to be involved in folate bioavailability. In this study, folate bioaccessibility was investigated using a dynamic computer-controlled gastrointestinal...article 2003
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Hoogendoorn, W.E. (author), Bongers, P.M. (author), de Vet, H.C.W. (author), Twisk, J.W.R. (author), van Mechelen, W. (author), Bouter, L.M. (author), TNO Arbeid (author)Aims: To compare the results of a traditional approach using standard regression for the analysis of data from a prospective cohort study with the results of generalised estimating equations (GEE) analysis. Methods: The research was part of a three year prospective cohort study on work related risk factors for low back pain. The study population...article 2002