Allergic inflammation in the upper respiratory tract of the rat upon repeated inhalation exposure to the contact allergen dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB).

Previously, the contact allergen dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was identified as a sensitizer by inhalation in BALB/c mice; in addition, DNCB induced a lymphocytic infiltrate in the larynx of dermally sensitized Th1-prone Wistar rats upon a single inhalation challenge. In the present study, repeated inhalation exposures to DNCB were investigated...

Safety assessment of lactate esters

Lactate eaters have an oral LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg and the inhalation LC50 is generally above 5000 mg/m3 and they may be potential eye and skin irritants, but not skin sensitizers. No evidence of teratogenicity or maternal toxicity was observed in an inhalation (2-ethylhexyl-L-lactate) or dermal study (ethyl-L-lactate). Subacute inhalation...

Toxicologic profile of acrylonitrile

Acrylonitrile is a monomer used extensively as a raw material in the manufacturing of acrylic fibers, plastics, synthetic rubbers, and acrylamide. It has been classified as a probable human carcinogen according to the results of numerous chronic rat bioassays. The present report summarizes the toxicity data on acrylonitrile and reviews available...

Comparative sensitivity of histo-pathology and specific lung parameters in the detection of lung injury

The sensitivity of different parameters for the determination of lung injury caused by nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was investigated. Male rats were exposed to concentrations of 0, 4, 10 or 25 ppm NO2 for 6 h/day, for 7, 14 or 21 days. Histopathology of the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea and lungs was compared with the changes in macrophage function...

Tissue damage and nutritional factors in experimental respiratory tract (co-)carcinogenesis

Cofactors involved in respiratory tract carcinogenesis were studied in Syrian golden hamster or in rats using benzo(a)pyrene as the carcinogenic agent. These factors included severe tissue tissue damage induced by electro-coagulation, glass fibers administered by intratracheal instillation, acetaldehyde as irritant vapor, food restriction, and...

Toxicokinetics of hexavalent chromium in the rat after intratracheal administration of chromates of different solubilities

The kinetics of chromium in the rat after a single intratracheal dose of sodium, zinc or lead 51Cr-chromate have been investigated. Sodium chromate and the less soluble zinc chromate were absorbed into the blood and this resulted in increased excretion of chromium into the urine. The insoluble lead chromate was poorly absorbed from the lungs....

Respiratory tract tumours in hamsters exposed to acetaldehyde vapour alone or simultaneously to benzo(a)pyrene or diethylnitrosamine

Syrian golden hamsters were exposed to 0 or 2500-1650 ppm acetaldehyde vapour, 7 hr/day, 5 days/week for a period of 52 weeks. A proportion of the animals was given, simultaneously, either intratracheal instillations of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) or subcutaneous injections of diethylnitrosamine (DENA). All treatments were stopped after 52 weeks. The...

Acute inhalation toxicity study of ammonia in rats with variable exposure periods

The acute inhalation toxicity of ammonia was examined in rats using various exposure concentrations and exposure periods. Groups of male and female rats were exposed to dynamic atmospheres containing different concentrations of ammonia for 10, 20, 40 or 60 min. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between exposure concentration...

Repeated exposure to alpha-ethylacrolein vapour: Subacute toxicity study in rats

The subacute inhalation toxicity of ??-ethylacrolein was examined in rats by repeated exposure of 4 groups of 10 males and 10 females each to ??-ethylacrolein vapour at concentrations of 0, 2.0, 9.8 or 48.4 ppm, respectively, (6 h/day, 5 days/week) for a period of 13 weeks. The effects at 48.4 ppm were found to include growth retardation, focal...

One-year time-sequence inhalation toxicity study of vinyl chloride in rats. II. Morphological changes in the respiratory tract, ceruminous glands, brain, kidneys, heart and spleen

Wistar rats were exposed to atmospheres containing 0 (control) or 5000 ppm vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for a period of 52 weeks. After 4, 13, 26 and 52 weeks each time 10 rats/sex/group were killed and subjected to extensive examinations. The present paper describes the morphological changes observed in the respiratory...

Repeated exposure to furfural vapour: 13-week study in syrian golden hamsters

The sub-acute inhalation toxicity of furfural was studied in Syrian golden hamsters. Four groups of ten males and ten females each were repeatedly exposed to furfural vapour at concentrations of 0, 20, 115 and 552 ppm (0, 77,448 and 2165 mg/m3 air) respectively for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week during a period of 13 weeks. At the highest exposure...

One-year time sequence inhalation toxicity study of vinyl chloride in rats. I. Growth, mortality, haematology, clinical chemistry and organ weights

Wistar rats were exposed to atmospheres containing 0 (control) or 5000 ppm vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for a period of 52 weeks. After 4, 13, 26 and 52 weeks each time 10 rats/sex/group were killed and subjected to extensive examinations. The present paper deals with growth, mortality, haematology, clinical chemistry and...

Repeated exposure to butenolide vapour: Subacute study in Syrian golden hamsters

The subacute inhalation toxicity of butenolide was examined in hamsters by repeated exposure of 4 groups of 10 males and 10 females to butenolide vapour at concentrations of 0, 5.4, 25 and 130 ppm respectively (6 h/day, 5 days/week) for a period of 13 weeks. The effects found at 130 ppm included eye irritation, salivation, nasal discharge,...

Repeated exposure to acrolein vapour: Subacute studies in hamsters, rats and rabbits

The subacute inhalation toxicity of acrolein was examined in 4 groups of 20 hamsters, 12 rats and 4 rabbits each, exposed repeatedly to acrolein vapour at concentrations of 0, 0.4, 1.4 and 4.9 ppm (6 hr/day, 5 days/week) for a 13-week period. The most important effects found at the highest level included mortality in rats, ocular and nasal...

Short term inhalation toxicity studies with peroxyacetyl nitrate in rats

The inhalation toxicity of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) was examined in acute (single exposure), subacute (4-wk repeated exposure) and subchronic (13-wk repeated exposure) studies in rats. The 4-hr LC50 was found to be 95 ppm. In the 4-wk study rats were exposed to 0, 0.9, 4.1 or 11.8 ppm PAN vapor for 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk. Exposure to 11.8 ppm...

Mutagenicity testing of urine from vinylchloride (VCM) treated rats using the salmonella test system

Chemicals/CAS: soybean oil, 8001-22-7; vinyl chloride, 75-01-4