Experimental Assessment of Inhalation and Dermal Exposure to Chemicals During Industrial or Professional Activities in Relation to the Performance of ECETOC TRA

For many work situations only insufficient exposure data are available to perform proper risk assessment. Because measuring worker exposure can be time consuming and resource intense, the availability of reliable exposure models is important when performing risk assessments. However, the development and improvement of exposure models are...

Overcoming Mass Transport Limitations in Electrochemical Reactors with a Pulsating Flow Electrolyzer

Electrochemical processes are a promising technology for industrial production of chemicals. One of the major drawbacks of electrochemical systems is the low mass transfer of reactants toward the active surface area of the electrode. In this paper, an approach is presented to enhance the mass transfer and increase the overall performance of the...

Business-driven innovations towards more sustainable chemical products

The aim of the study presented here was to gain an understanding of business-driven innovations towards more sustainable chemical products and processes. A case study was undertaken to assess and analyse the experiences of five different companies. These companies varied in size from small to a multinational, and they also varied in their...

Default values for assessment of potential dermal exposure of the hands to industrial chemicals in the scope of regulatory risk assessments

Dermal exposure needs to be addressed in regulatory risk assessment of chemicals. The models used so far are based on very limited data. The EU project RISKOFDERM has gathered a large number of new measurements on dermal exposure to industrial chemicals in various work situations, together with information on possible determinants of exposure....

Task-based dermal exposure models for regulatory risk assessment

The regulatory risk assessment of chemicals requires the estimation of occupational dermal exposure. Until recently, the models used were either based on limited data or were specific to a particular class of chemical or application. The EU project RISKOFDERM has gathered a considerable number of new measurements of dermal exposure together with...

Evaluating exposures to complex mixtures of chemicals during a new production process in the plastics industry

The goal of this study was to monitor emission of chemicals at a factory where plastics products were fabricated by a new robotic (impregnated tape winding) production process. Stationary and personal air measurements were taken to determine which chemicals were released and at what concentrations. Principal component analyses (PCA) and linear...

RISKOFDERM: Risk Assessment of Occupational Dermal Exposure to Chemicals. An Introduction to a Series of Papers on the Development of a Toolkit

Dermal exposure to industrial chemicals during work is of major concern in the risk assessment of chemicals. Current approaches in procedures for European legislation are not based on experimental data on dermal exposures in workplaces because these are lacking. A large project, with four interrelated work parts, was funded by the European...

Classification of Dermal Exposure Modifiers and Assignment of Values for a Risk Assessment Toolkit

This paper describes how default dermal exposure values can be adjusted with modifier values for specific work situations. The work presented here is supplementary to a toolkit developed for the EU RISKOFDERM project. This toolkit is intended for the assessment and management of dermal risks in small and medium sized enterprises. Potential...

Determinants of Dermal Exposure Relevant for Exposure Modelling in Regulatory Risk Assessment

Risk assessment of chemicals requires assessment of the exposure levels of workers. In the absence of adequate specific measured data, models are often used to estimate exposure levels. For dermal exposure only a few models exist, which are not validated externally. In the scope of a large European research programme, an analysis of potential...

A Toolkit for Dermal Risk Assessment and Management: An Overview

The European Research project RISKOFDERM (QLK4-CT-1999-01107) has two major goals. One is the development of a conceptual model for dermal risk assessment for regulatory purposes, such as the registration of new chemicals. The other goal is to develop a simple-to-use toolkit for assessment and management of health risks from occupational dermal...

Optical properties and redox state of silicate glass melts

Advanced experimental techniques to measure the spectral absorption and oxidation state of silicate glass melts are described. Exemplary results of the characterisation of industrial glass melts by these two methods are presented. The technological impact of the high-temperature optical properties and oxidation state of glass melts on radiative...

A glutathione S-transferase with activity towards cis-1,2- dichloroepoxyethane is involved in isoprene utilization by Rhodococcus sp. strain AD45

Rhodococcus sp. strain AD45 was isolated from an enrichment culture on isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene). Isoprene-grown cells of strain AD45 oxidized isoprene to 3,4-epoxy-3-methyl-1-butene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene to cis-1,2-dichloroepoxyethane, and trans-1,2-dichloroethene to trans-1,2- dichloroepoxyethane. Isoprene-grown cells also degraded...

Dermal exposure and risk assessment

Feminization of male carp