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Bieser, J. (author), Aulinger, A. (author), Matthias, V. (author), Quante, M. (author), Denier Van Der Gon, H.A.C. (author)The vertical allocation of emissions has a major impact on results of Chemistry Transport Models. However, in Europe it is still common to use fixed vertical profiles based on rough estimates to determine the emission height of point sources. This publication introduces a set of new vertical profiles for the use in chemistry transport modeling...article 2011
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Tarnacki, K.M. (author), Melin, T. (author), Jansen, A.E. (author), van Medevoort, J. (author)In this study two desalination technologies have been compared by means of LCA with the focus on energy supply with a variety of scenarios based on different assumptions. The studied technologies are reverse osmosis and the newly developed technology Memstill where electrical energy demand is reduced by using external thermal energy source and...conference paper 2011
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Ligthart, T.N. (author), Jongbloed, R.H. (author), Tamis, J.E. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Background, aim and scope: The environmental impact of building products made from heavy metals has been a topic of discussion for some years. This was fuelled by results of life cycle assessments (LCAs), where the emission of heavy metals strongly effected the results. An issue was that the characterisation factors of the Centre for...article 2010
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Neto, B. (author), Kroeze, C. (author), Hordijk, L. (author), Costa, C. (author), Pulles, M.P.J. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)This study explores a model (MIKADO) to analyse scenarios for the reduction of the environmental impact of an aluminium die casting plant. Our model calculates the potential to reduce emissions, and the costs associated with implementation of reduction options. In an earlier paper [Neto, B., Kroeze, C., Hordijk, L., Costa, C., 2008. Modelling...article 2009
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Tukker, A. (author), Poliakov, E. (author), Heijungs, R. (author), Hawkins, T. (author), Neuwahl, F. (author), Rueda-Cantuche, J.M. (author), Giljum, S. (author), Moll, S. (author), Oosterhaven, J. (author), Bouwmeester, M. (author), TNO Bouw (author)This paper presents the strategy for a large EU-funded Integrated Project: EXIOPOL ("A New Environmental Accounting Framework Using Externality Data and Input-Output Tools for Policy Analysis"), with special attention for its part in environmentally extended (EE) input-output (IO) analysis. The project has three principal objectives:(a)to...article 2009
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Denier van der Gon, H.A.C. (author), Hulskotte, J.H.J. (author), Visschedijk, A.J.H. (author), Schaap, M. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Comparisons of measured and model-predicted atmospheric copper concentrations show a severe underestimation of the observed concentrations by the models. This underestimation may be (partly) due to underestimated emissions of copper to air. Since the phase out of asbestos brake lining material, the composition of brake lining material has...article 2007
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Spaan, S. (author), Heederik, D.J.J. (author), Thorne, P.S. (author), Wouters, I.M. (author)Endotoxin exposure occurs in homes and occupational environments and is known to cause adverse health effects. In order to compare results from different studies and establish standards, airborne endotoxin exposures should be assessed using standardized methods. Although the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) developed guidelines for...article 2007
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TNO Voeding (author), Eggen, R.I.L. (author), Bengtsson, B.E. (author), Bowmer, C.T. (author), Gerritsen, A.A.M. (author), Gibert, M. (author), Hylland, K. (author), Johnson, A.C. (author), Leonards, P. (author), Nakari, T. (author), Norrgren, L. (author), Sumpter, J.P. (author), Suter, M.J.F. (author), Svenson, A. (author), Pickering, A.D. (author)Between January 1999 and December 2001, the European Community project COMPREHEND was performed. The overall aim of COMPREHEND was to assess endocrine disruption in the aquatic environment in Europe, consequent to effluent discharge, with emphasis on estrogenic activity. COMPREHEND demonstrated the widespread occurrence of estrogenic effluents...article 2003
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Alcamo, J. (author), Mayerhofer, P. (author), Guardans, R. (author), van Harmelen, T. (author), van Minnen, J. (author), Onigkeit, J. (author), Posch, M. (author), de Vries, B. (author)This paper presents results of an assessment of the linkages between regional air pollution and climate change in Europe (the AIR-CLIM Project). The main research tool was an integrated modeling framework and the main product was a consistent set of long-term scenarios covering Europe between 1995 and 2100. Scenarios consisted of trends in...article 2002
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Tukker, A. (author), TNO Strategie, Technologie en Beleid (author)This paper (the second in a series of three) compares incineration options for hazardous waste with LCA. Provided that acceptance criteria are met with regard to metals, PAHs and chlorine, Dutch Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators (MSWIs) appeared to be preferable above rotary kilns since they have a better energy recovery and - unlike rotary...article 1999
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de Vreede, J.A.F. (author), den Boeft, J. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)In agricultural areas where greenhouses and dwellings are intermixed, the general population as well as the professional applicators may be exposed to pesticides. In a field study on Crete, exposure to methyl bromide during soil fumigation was assessed. Exposure of applicators (both contractors and farmers) were measured with personal air...article 1998