The accuracy of extended histopathology to detect immunotoxic chemicals

The accuracy of extended histopathology to detect immunotoxic chemicals in female B6C3F1 mice was evaluated under the auspices of the National Toxicology Program (NTP). A workgroup was formed consisting of four pathologists who conducted extended histopathological evaluation of lymphoid tissues obtained from a subset of NTP toxicology studies,...

Extended histopathology in immunotoxicity testing: Interlaboratory validation studies

There has been considerable interest in the use of expanded histopathology as a primary screen for immunotoxicity assessment. To determine the utility of a semiquantitative histopathology approach for examining specific structural and architectural changes in lymphoid tissues, a validation effort was initiated. This study addresses the...

Effects of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on immune function in healthy men

Objectives: To study the effects of two different mixtures of the main conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans-10, cis-12 CLA on human immune function. Design: Double-blind, randomized, parallel, reference-controlled intervention study. Subjects and intervention: Seventy-one healthy males aged 31-69y received one of...

Toxicity to nasal-associated lymphoid tissue

The mucosal membranes form a weak mechanical barrier, but they are provided with an extensive specific and non-specific defence system. Antigenic stimulation of the mucosal immune system of the oronasal passages induces specific, local immune responses, and activates immune components of mucosae elsewhere as well as the systemic immune system....

Reduced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis after intranasal and oral administration of recombinant lactobacilli expressing myelin antigens

Oral administration of autoantigens is a safe and convenient way to induce peripheral T-cell tolerance in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). To increase the efficacy of oral tolerance induction and obviate the need for large-scale purification of human myelin proteins, we use genetically modified lactobacilli expressing myelin...

A novel rationale for inhibition of gelatinase B in multiple sclerosis: MMP-9 destroys αB-crystallin and generates a promiscuous T cell epitope

The small heat shock protein αB-crystallin is considered as a candidate autoantigen in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. Gelatinase B or matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is a proteinase establishing various disease-promoting feedback loops in autoimmune diseases. Human αB-crystallin was digested with natural gelatinase B and all cleavage sites...

Broad expression of Toll-like receptors in the human central nervous system

The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) plays a key role in controlling innate immune responses to a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecules. In this study we investigated expression of TLRs in vitro by purified human microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, and in vivo by immunohistochemical examination of brain and spinal cord...

Expression of the IL-10 receptor on human monocytes is moderately suppressed by glucocorticoids

Chemicals/CAS: Dexamethasone, 50-02-2; Receptors, Interleukin; Receptors, Interleukin-10.

Histopathologic approaches to detect changes indicative of immunotoxicity

Toxicologic pathology is crucial in the identification and characterization of health effects following exposure to xenobiotics, mainly in toxicity experiments in rodents. Regarding regulatory toxicology, histopathology of lymphoid organs and tissues is a cornerstone in the identification of immunotoxic compounds. A 2-tier testing system is...

Noise exposure and public health

Exposure to noise constitutes a health risk. There is sufficient scientific evidence that noise exposure can induce hearing impairment, hypertension and ischemic heart disease, annoyance, sleep disturbance, and decreased school performance. For other effects such as changes in the immune system and birth defects, the evidence is limited. Most...

Comparison of antibody responses to hen's egg and cow's milk proteins in orally sensitized rats and food-allergic patients

Background: No adequate enteral sensitization models are available to study food allergy and the allergenicity of food proteins. To further validate an enteral brown Norway (BN) rat sensitization model under development, we studied specific protein recognition to determine whether a comparable pattern of proteins is recognized by the rat immune...

The effect of consumption of milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on the intestinal microflora and immune parameters in humans

Objective: To determine the effect of consumption of milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (L. casei Shirota) on the composition and metabolic activities of the intestinal microflora, and immune parameters in humans. Subjects: Twenty healthy male subjects aged 40-65 years were selected. Design: A placebo-controlled trial was...