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Intraileal casein infusion increases plasma concentrations of amino acids in humans A randomized cross over trial

Ripken, D. (author), van Avesaat, M. (author), Troost, F.J. (author), Masclee, A.A. (author), Witkamp, R.F. (author), Hendriks, H.F. (author)

Background. Activation of the ileal brake by casein induces satiety signals and reduces energy intake. However, adverse effects of intraileal casein administration have not been studied before. These adverse effects may include impaired amino acid digestion, absorption and immune activation. Objective. To investigate the effects of intraileal...

article 2017

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Ileal brake activation: Macronutrient-specific effects on eating behavior?

van Avesaat, M. (author), Troost, F.J. (author), Ripken, D. (author), Hendriks, H.F. (author), Aam, M. (author)

BACKGROUND: Activation of the ileal brake, by infusing lipid directly into the distal part of the small intestine, alters gastrointestinal (GI) motility and inhibits food intake. The ileal brake effect on eating behavior of the other macronutrients is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of...

article 2015

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Differential modulation by Akkermansia muciniphila and faecalibacterium prausnitzii of host peripheral lipid metabolism and histone acetylation in mouse gut organoids

Lukovac, S. (author), Belzer, C. (author), Pellis, L. (author), Keijser, B.J. (author), de Vos, W.M. (author), Montijn, R.C. (author), Roeselers, G. (author)

The gut microbiota is essential for numerous aspects of human health. However, the underlying mechanisms of many host-microbiota interactions remain unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize effects of the microbiota on host epithelium using a novel ex vivo model based on mouse ileal organoids. We have explored the transcriptional...

article 2014

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Dynamics of the microbiota in response to host infection

Belzer, C. (author), Gerber, G.K. (author), Roeselers, G. (author), Delaney, M. (author), DuBois, A. (author), Liu, Q. (author), Belavusava, V. (author), Yeliseyev, V. (author), Houseman, A. (author), Onderdonk, A. (author), Cavanaugh, C. (author), Bry, L. (author)

Longitudinal studies of the microbiota are important for discovering changes in microbial communities that affect the host. The complexity of these ecosystems requires rigorous integrated experimental and computational methods to identify temporal signatures that promote physiologic or pathophysiologic responses in vivo. Employing a murine model...

article 2014

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Interactomics in the human intestine: Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria make a difference.

Boesten, R.J. (author), de Vos, W.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

Scientific evidence that supports a correlation between our intestinal microbiota and health status has caused significant interest in microbe-host interaction studies. It has generated a paradigm shift from analyzing pathogens to that involving commensal and probiotic bacteria. This review summarizes the interaction mechanisms described for...

article 2008

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Novel non-systemic inhibitor of ileal apical Na+-dependent bile acid transporter reduces serum cholesterol levels in hamsters and monkeys

Kitayama, K. (author), Nakai, D. (author), Kono, K. (author), van der Hoop, A.G. (author), Kurata, H. (author), de Wit, E.C. (author), Cohen, L.H. (author), Inaba, T. (author), Kohama, T. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)

1-{7-[(1-(3,5-Diethoxyphenyl)-3-{[(3,5-difluorophenyl)(ethyl)amino]carbo nyl}-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]heptyl}-1-methylpiperidinium bromide, R-146224, is a potent, specific ileum apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) inhibitor; concentrations required for 50% inhibition of [3H]taurocholate uptake in human ASBT-expressing...

article 2006

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Predicted serum folate concentrations based on in vitro studies and kinetic modeling are consistent with measured folate concentrations in humans

Verwei, M. (author), Freidig, A.P. (author), Havenaar, R. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

The nutritional quality of new functional or fortified food products depends on the bioavailability of the nutrient(s) in the human body. Bioavailability is often determined in human intervention studies by measurements of plasma or serum profiles over a certain time period. These studies are time and cost consuming and often appear to lack an...

article 2006

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The Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) - A concept for describing protein quality in foods and food ingredients: A critical review

Schaafsma, G. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Score (PDCAAS) is discussed. PDCAAS is now widely used as a routine assay for protein quality evaluation, replacing the more traditional biological methods [e.g., measurement of the Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) in rats]. PDCAAS is based on comparison of the essential amino acid content of a test protein...

article 2005

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Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing P450 in artificial digestive systems: A model for biodetoxication in the human digestive environment

Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author), Blanquet, S. (author), Meunier, J.P. (author), Minekus, M. (author), Marol-Bonnin, S. (author), Alric, M. (author)

The use of genetically engineered microorganisms such as bacteria or yeasts as live vehicles to carry out bioconversion directly in the digestive environment is an important challenge for the development of innovative biodrugs. A system that mimics the human gastrointestinal tract was combined with a computer simulation to evaluate the survival...

article 2003

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Effects of tylosin on bacterial mucolysis, Clostridium perfringens colonization, and intestinal barrier function in a chick model of necrotic enteritis

TNO Animal Nutrition (author), Collier, C.T. (author), van der Klis, J.D. (author), Deplancke, B. (author), Anderson, D.B. (author), Gaskins, H.R. (author)

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a worldwide poultry disease caused by the alpha toxin-producing bacterium Clostridium perfringens. Disease risk factors include concurrent coccidial infection and the dietary use of cereal grains high in nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), such as wheat, barley, rye, and oats. Outbreaks of NE can be prevented or treated...

article 2003

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Regional and processor variation in the ileal digestible amino acid content of soybean meals measured in growing swine

van Kempen, T.A.T.G. (author), Kim, I.B. (author), Jansman, A.J.M. (author), Verstegen, M.W.A. (author), Hancock, J.D. (author), Lee, D.J. (author), Gabert, V.M. (author), Albin, D.M. (author), Fahey Jr, G.C. (author), Grieshop, C.M. (author), Mahan, D. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

To assess differences in soybean meal quality related to region of production, researchers in Illinois, Kansas, North Carolina, The Netherlands, and Ohio collected four soybean meal samples processed locally at least 15 d apart. These samples were assayed for ileal amino acid digestibility by pigs using a common soybean meal and a soy protein...

article 2002

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Effect of dietary protein source and lysine: DE ratio on growth performance, meat quality and body composition of growing-finishing pigs

Szabó, C. (author), Jansman, A.J.M. (author), Babinszky, L. (author), Kanis, E. (author), Verstegen, M.W.A. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

The effects of four protein sources (soybean meal, sunflower meal, pea, and fish meal as the main protein source) and three apparent ileally digestible Lys:DE ratios (0.50, 0.43, 0.36 and 0.42, 0.36, 0.30 g Lys/MJ DE for 30 to 60 kg BW and 60 to 105 kg BW, respectively) in pig diets on growing-finishing performance, and carcass and meat quality...

article 2001

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Effect of viscosity on digestion of nutrients in conventional and germ-free chicks

Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author), Langhout, D.J. (author), Schutte, J.B. (author), de Jong, J. (author), Sloetjes, H. (author), Verstegen, M.W.A. (author), Tamminga, S. (author)

A study was conducted with conventional and germ-free broiler chicks to obtain more information on the role of the intestinal microflora in the anti-nutritive effects of NSP in broiler chicks. As the NSP source, highly methylated citrus pectin (HMC) was used at a dose level of 30 g/kg in a maize-based diet. The diets fed to the germ-free chicks...

article 2000

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Effects of cadmium chloride on the paracellular barrier function of intestinal epithelial cell lines

Duizer, E. (author), Gilde, A.J. (author), Versantvoort, C.H.M. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

In the present study we characterized the functional and structural disruption of the paracellular barrier of intestinal epithelium in vitro in relation to cytotoxicity after apical Cd2+ exposure. For that purpose filter-grown Caco-2 and IEC-18 cells were apically exposed to 5 to 100 μM CdCl2 for 4 or 14 h. It was found that the effects of Cd2+...

article 1999

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Effect of dietary high- and low-methylated citrus pectin on the activity of the ileal microflora and morphology of the small intestinal wall of broiler chicks

Langhout, D.J. (author), Schutte, J.B. (author), van Leeuwen, P. (author), Wiebenga, J. (author), Tamminga, S. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

1. A study was conducted with broiler chicks to evaluate the effects of dietary high-methylated citrus pectin (HMC) or low-methylated citrus pectin (LMC) on the performance, nutrient digestibility, morphology of the small intestinal wall and ileal microbial activity. 2. Both pectin products were tested at a dietary content of 30 g/kg using a...

article 1999

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The marginal efficiency of utilization of all ileal digestible indispensable amino acids for protein gain is lower than 30% in preruminant calves between 80 and 240 kg live weight

Gerrits, W.J.J. (author), Schrama, J.W. (author), Tamminga, S. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

A previous study showed that the marginal efficiency of utilization of digestible nitrogen for deposition in the body in preruminant calves is only ~30%. The study consisted of two similar experiments that were performed in two live weight ranges: 80-160 and 160-240 kg. In each experiment, 36 calves were allotted to one of twelve dietary...

article 1998

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Nitrogen utilization in pigs fed diets with soybean and rapeseed products leading to different ileal endogenous nitrogen losses

Grala, W. (author), Verstegen, M.W.A. (author), Jansman, A.J.M. (author), Huisman, J. (author), Wasilewko, J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

Nitrogen (N) balance was determined in 36 pigs (BW 24 to 30 kg) fed diets inducing different ileal endogenous N losses (ENL). We tested the hypothesis that enhanced ENL may be indicative of a higher recycling of endogenous proteins that will induce a greater urinary N loss and a lower efficiency of the dietary N utilization for retention. The...

article 1998

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Lung, ileum and heart are predilection sites for AApoAII amyloid deposition in CD-1 swiss mice used for toxicity studies. Pulmonary amyloid indicates AApoAII

Gruys, E. (author), Tooten, P.C.J. (author), Kuijpers, M.H.M. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

Amyloid deposits represent frequent histological findings in SPF strains of mice mainly used for toxicological studies. Usually, these are deposits of reactive amyloid (AA-amyloid) derived from the acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA). The SAA is an apoprotein of high density lipoprotein (apoSAA). Senescence-accelerated amyloid (ASsam)...

article 1996

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The use of 15N-labeled dietary proteins for determining true ileal amino acid digestibilities is limited by their rapid recycling in the endogenous secretions of pigs

Leterme, P. (author), Théwis, A. (author), François, E. (author), van Leeuwen, P. (author), Wathelet, B. (author), Huisman, J. (author), Instituut voor Landbouwkundig Onderzoek en Biochemische Produkten TNO (author)

We assessed the use of 15N-labeled dietary proteins as a possible tool for the determination of the true ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility in pigs. The first experiment was designed to study the dietary N excretion pattern at the ileum subsequent to the ingestion of a single 15N-labeled meal. In a second experiment, we compared ileal...

article 1996

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Chemical composition of pea fibre isolates and their effect on the endogenous amino acid flow at the ileum of the pig

Leterme, P. (author), Théwis, A. (author), van Leeuwen, P. (author), Monmart, T. (author), Huisman, J. (author), Instituut voor Landbouwkundig Onderzoek en Biochemische Produkten TNO (author)

Pea starch, hulls and cotyledon inner fibres, isolated from pea seeds, were incorporated in N-free diets, on a NDF-content basis, in order to study their effect on the ileal endogenous amino acid (AA) excretion in the growing pig. Maize starch and wood cellulose were selected as references. The inner fibre-containing diet was also supplemented...

article 1996