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van Delft, J.H.M. (author), Steenwinkel, M.-J.S.T. (author), van Asten, J.G. (author), de Vogel, N. (author), Bruijntjes-Rozier, T.C.D.M. (author), Schouten, T. (author), Cramers, P. (author), Maas, L. (author), van Herwijnen, M.H. (author), van Schooten, F.-J. (author), Hopmans, P.M.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) increases the risk of developing lung cancer. Human exposure is often demonstrated by increased internal levels of PAH metabolites and of markers for early biological effects, like DNA adducts and cytogenetic aberrations. Objective: This study aimed to assess whether the current...article 2001
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Orlic, B. (author), Fokker, P. (author), Zijl, W. (author), Scheffers, B. (author), Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO (author)Public authorities, E & P and the mining industry increasingly demand fundamental insight and accurate predictions on subsurface and surface deformation and damage due to exploitation of subsurface natural resources, and subsurface storage of energy residues (e.g. CO2). At this moment deformation is difficult to asses and prove, although...article 2001
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Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author), Crews, H. (author), Alink, G. (author), Andersen, R. (author), Braesco, V. (author), Holst, B. (author), Maiani, G. (author), Ovesen, L. (author), Scotter, M. (author), Solfrizzo, M. (author), van den Berg, R. (author), Verhagen, H. (author), Williamson, G. (author)In this review many examples are given of the complexities involved in using some biomarkers in relation to assessing the effects of dietary exposure, when there is frequently a need to determine changes following long-term low level exposure to dietary components. These range from understanding why the biomarker might be valuable and how best...article 2001
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Sartorelli, P. (author), Andersen, H.R. (author), Angerer, J. (author), Corish, J. (author), Drexler, H. (author), Göen, T. (author), Griffin, P. (author), Hotchkiss, S.A.M. (author), Larese, F. (author), Montomoli, L. (author), Perkins, J. (author), Schmelz, M. (author), van de Sandt, J. (author), Williams, F. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)During the last few years the general interest in the percutaneous absorption of chemicals has increased. It is generally accepted that there is very few reliable quantitative and qualitative data on dermal exposure to chemicals in the general population and in occupationally exposed workers. In order to predict the systemic risk of dermally...article 2000
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Emmen, H.H. (author), Hoogendijk, E.M.G. (author), Klöpping-Ketelaars, W.A.A. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Duistermaat, E. (author), Ravensberg, J.C. (author), Alexander, D.J. (author), Borkhataria, D. (author), Rusch, G.M. (author), Schmit, B. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)HFC 134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) and HFC 227 (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane) are used to replace chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigerant and aerosol applications, including medical use in metered-dose inhalers. Production and consumption of CFCs are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer....article 2000
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Godschalk, R.W.L. (author), Moonen, E.J.C. (author), Schilderman, A.E.L. (author), Broekmans, W.M.R. (author), Kleinjans, J.C.S. (author), van Schooten, F.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Understanding the kinetics of aromatic-DNA adducts in target tissues and white blood cells (WBC) would enhance the applicability of DNA adducts in WBC as surrogate source of DNA in biomonitoring studies. In the present study, rats were acutely exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P; 10 mg/kg body wt) via intratracheal (i.t.), dermal and oral...article 2000
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- Slenders, J.L.A. (author), Borger, A.R. (author), Gerritse, J. (author), Langenhoff, A.A.M. (author), ter Meer, J. (author), Baartmans, R.F.W. (author), de Kreuk, H. (author), Verhaagen, P. (author), Theeuwen, J. (author), TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author) conference paper 2000
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Mertens, B.M. (author), van der Zwan, B. (author), de Jager, P.W.H. (author), Leenders, M. (author), Werij, H.G.C. (author), Benschop, J.P.H. (author), van Dijsseldonk, A.J.J. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)Contamination of optics and mask is one of the possible show stoppers for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography. One of the important sources of hydrocarbon contamination is the outgassing of photoresist coated wafers. Due to the vacuum conditions, these hydrocarbons can freely travel to coat the first optical component they encounter. This leads to...article 2000
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Kappers, W.A. (author), van Och, F.M.M. (author), de Groene, E.M. (author), Horbach, G.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Three different in vitro mutation assays were used to investigate the involvement of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the activation of the nitro- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitroPAHs) 1-nitropyrene and 2- nitrofluorene and their reduced metabolites amino-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (aminoPAHs) 1-aminopyrene and 2-aminofluorene....article 2000
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Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO (author), van Balen, R.T. (author), van Bergen, F. (author), de Leeuw, C. (author), Pagnier, H. (author), Simmelink, E. (author), van Wees, J.D. (author), Verweij, H. (author)The hydrocarbon systems of the West Netherlands Basin are analysed using the two-dimensional forward modelling. Three source rock intervals are considered in the modelling. The history of heatflow is calculated from the forward modelling of tectonic subsidence. Modelling results show that the oil accumulations were filled just after the Sub...conference paper 2000
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Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author), Hensen, A. (author)-report 2000
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de Wolf, J.M. (author), van den Beld, C.M.B. (author), Gennart, J.-Ph. (author), Riley, A.J. (author), Urbanus, J. (author)A review of reports on the occurrence of some hydrocarbons in food in relation to the sales location, with emphasis on petrol station shops, covers the principal selected hydrocarbons, i.e., volatile components of gasoline, e.g., benzene, pentane, hexane, toluene, MTBE, and xylene; relevance of gasoline sales to the levels of the selected...report 2000
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Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO (author), van Balen, R.T. (author), van Bergen, F. (author), de Leeuw, C. (author), Pagnier, H. (author), Simmelink, H. (author), van Wees, J.D. (author), Verweij, J.M. (author)The hydrocarbon systems of the Mesozoic, inverted West Netherlands Basin have been analyzed using 2-D forward modelling. Three source rocks are considered in the modelling: Lower Jurassic oil-prone shales, Westphalian gas-prone coal deposits, and Lower Namurian oil-prone shales. The Lower Namurian hydrocarbon system of the basin is discussed for...article 2000
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TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author), ter Meer, J. (author), Gerritse, J. (author), di Mauro, C. (author), Harkes, M.P. (author), Rijnaarts, H.H.M. (author)The use of intrinsic degradation processes (natural attenuation) is becoming the basis for the restoration of many contaminated sites. Within this context, measuring concentrations of hydrogen in groundwater is important in two ways. Firstly, the hydrogen concentration can be used to characterize redox conditions. Secondly, hydrogen may be an...conference paper 2000
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TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author), di Mauro, C. (author), van Teunenbroek, T. (author), Sinke, A. (author)In the regulated community there is often concern as to whether mass removal at a contaminated site actually reduces risk, or whether the small risk reductions achieved warrant the large costs incurred. Decision-makers have to select feasible solutions based on the required risk reduction, costs of the remediation and environmental impact. Thus,...conference paper 2000
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TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author), Merkel, P. (author), Weiβ, H. (author), Teutsch, G. (author), Rijnaarts, H.H.M. (author)At many industrial sites inadequate waste disposal, leakages and war damages have led to severe groundwater contamination on a regional scale. Standard hydraulic groundwater remediation methods, such as pump-and-treat, in most cases do not lead to satisfactory results, due to the persistence of organic contaminants and the resulting very long...conference paper 2000
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- TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie (author), Vermeulen, J. (author), van Dijk, S. (author), Grotenhuis, T. (author), Joziasse, J. (author), Rulkens, W. (author) conference paper 2000
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Thijsse, T.R. (author), van Oss, R.F. (author), Lenschow, P. (author), Instituut voor Milieu- en Energietechnologie TNO (author)During three measuring campaigns in June, July, and August 1996, volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations were measured at a rural background site, a city residential site, and a street site in Berlin. In addition, samples were taken near relevant sources of VOCs. The measurements covered the volatile hydrocarbons in the range C1-C14 and...article 1999
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Verhaak, M.J.F.M. (author), Pels, J.R. (author)Removal of nitrous oxide (N2O) from exhausts of chemical plants andcertain combustion facilities is an effective way for substantial reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic sources. ECN has developed a catalyst for catalytic removal of N2O from various exhaust gases using hydrocarbons (propane or methane) as reducing agent. The...other 1999
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Bakker, F. (author), Geusebroek, M. (author), Erisman, J.W. (author), Khlystov, A. (author), Vermeulen, A.T. (author)Emissions of traffic contribute to a large extent to the health effectsof air pollution. It is still uncertain how much of these effects are due to aerosols and whether chemical composition or just the number of particles are important. The interactions between gaseous and particulate matter in the atmosphere requires that scientific studies...other 1999