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McKee, R.H. (author), Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), Hoogendijk, E.M.G. (author), Emmen, H.H. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Barsotti, D.A. (author), Owen, D.E. (author), Kulig, B.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)As a preliminary step to evaluating the acute neurobehavioral effects of hydrocarbon solvents and to establish a working model for extrapolating animal test data to humans, joint neurobehavioral/toxicokinetic studies were conducted which involved administering ethanol to rats and volunteers. The specific objectives of the present studies were to...article 2006
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van Eijs, R.M.H.E. (author), Mulders, F.M.M. (author), Nepveu, M. (author), Kenter, C.J. (author), Scheffers, B.C. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Earthquakes induced by gas production are a social concern in the Netherlands. Over the last two decades, a total of about 350 such earthquakes have been recorded, with magnitudes ranging up to 3.5 on Richter's scale. The new Dutch mining law prescribes the operators to give a quantitative estimation of the likelihood of future seismic activity ...article 2006
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TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author), Abbink, O.A. (author), Mijnlieff, H.F. (author), Munsterman, D.K. (author), Verreussel, R.M.C.H. (author)Middle Jurassic - Early Cretaceous strata are a target for oil and gas exploration in the Dutch offshore. During the initial stages of the 'Late Jurassic' offshore exploration, various oil fields and a few gas fields were discovered of which only one, the F3-FB field, proved to be economically viable. In the Northern Offshore of the Netherlands,...article 2006
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de Klerk, W.P.C. (author), Krabbendam-La Haye, E.L.M. (author), Berger, B. (author), Brechbuhl, H. (author), Popescu, C. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Thermal analysis is an interesting technique to determine kinetic parameters of separate components, and also of a complete system to receive adequate information on the ageing process of pyrotechnic compositions. The investigated tracer is a tracking tracer of a Swiss missile. It is attached to a missile and produces during burning a red flame....article 2005
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Orlic, B. (author), Schroot, B. (author), Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO (author)The mechanical impact of CO2 injection into a depleted hydrocarbon field or aquifer is caused by changes in the stress field, resulting from changes in the pore pressure and volume of the rock. Mechanical processes can lead to the loss of reservoir and caprock integrity, and the reactivation of existing faults. A geomechanical numerical...conference paper 2005
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO Voeding (author), Brink, M. (author), Weijenberg, M.P. (author), de Goeij, A.F.P.M. (author), Roemen, G.M.J.M. (author), Lentjes, M.H.F.M. (author), de Bruïne, A.P. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author)Case-cohort analyses were performed on meat and fish consumption in relation to K-ras mutations in 448 colon and 160 rectal cancers that occurred during 7.3 years of follow-up, excluding the first 2.3 years, and 2948 subcohort members of The Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer. Adjusted incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals...article 2005
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Preller, L. (author), Burstyn, I. (author), de Pater, N. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Objectives: To determine which exposure metrics are sufficient to characterize 'peak' inhalation exposure to organic solvents (OS) during spraying operations. Methods: Personal exposure measurements (n = 27; duration 5-159 min) were collected during application of paints, primers, resins and glues in 15 companies. A MiniRAE Photolonization...article 2004
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Mertens, B.M. (author), Weiss, M. (author), Meiling, H. (author), Klein, R. (author), Louis, E. (author), Kurt, R. (author), Wedowski, M. (author), Trenkler, H. (author), Wolschrijn, B.T. (author), Jansen, R. (author), van de Runstraat, A. (author), Moors, R. (author), Spee, C.I.M.A. (author), Plöger, S. (author), van de Kruijs, R. (author), Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH (author)Optics lifetime and contamination is one of the major challenges for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. The basic contamination and lifetime limiting processes are carbon growth and oxidation of the mirrors. Without appropriate measures, optics lifetime will be limited to a few hours. Within the EUV α-tool project of ASML and Carl Zeiss,...article 2004
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Smith, R.L. (author), Adams, T.B. (author), Cohen, S.M. (author), Doull, J. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Goodman, J.I. (author), Hall, R.L. (author), Marnett, L.J. (author), Portoghese, P.S. (author), Waddell, W.J. (author), Wagner, B.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Natural flavour complexes (NFCs) are chemical mixtures obtained by applying physical separation methods to botanical sources. Many NFCs are derived from foods. In the present paper, a 12-step procedure for the safety evaluation of NFCs, 'the naturals paradigm', is discussed. This procedure, which is not intended to be viewed as a rigid check...article 2004
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Meijster, T. (author), Burstyn, I. (author), van Wendel de Joode, B. (author), Posthumus, M.A. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The goal of this study was to monitor emission of chemicals at a factory where plastics products were fabricated by a new robotic (impregnated tape winding) production process. Stationary and personal air measurements were taken to determine which chemicals were released and at what concentrations. Principal component analyses (PCA) and linear...article 2004
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Abbink, O.A. (author), van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert, J.H.A. (author), van der Zwan, C.J. (author), Visscher, H. (author)Jurassic shallow marine to non-marine depositional sequences are among the most important economic targets in the North Sea. Detailed, 'high resolution' stratigraphy of these sequences has become a necessity in both predictive geological exploration models as well as in production reservoir models. In these paralic sequences, palynomorphs are...article 2004
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Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO (author), Jansen, H.S.M. (author), Huizer, J. (author), Dijkmans, J.W.A. (author), Mesdag, C. (author), van Hinte, J.E. (author)The geometry and depositional history of the Maassluis Formation is described from an East-West oriented transect located in the west-central Netherlands and P- and Q-blocks in the Dutch offshore area. The Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene Maassluis Formation was deposited under near coastal marine conditions. Two distinct facies are...article 2004
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Duisterwinkel, A.E. (author), Bastein, A.T.G.M. (author), van Schaik, W. (author), TNO Industrie (author)In DUV lithography, hydrocarbon contaminants on surfaces cause transmission loss. During illumination of the reticle, heavy hydrocarbons will be slowly removed, causing transmission instability. Therefore, the reticles need to be cleaned before use. ASML has commissioned us to perform a feasibility study into reticle cleaning and storage. The...conference paper 2003
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Artola-Garicano, E. (author), Borkent, I. (author), Hermens, J.L.M. (author), Vaes, W.H.J. (author)In the current study, the removal of slowly degradable hydrophobic chemicals in sewage treatment plants (STPs) has been evaluated with emphasis on the combination of free and total concentration data. Free and total concentrations of two polycyclic musks were determined in each compartment of four STPs. The free concentration of the polycyclic...article 2003
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Willems, F.P.T. (author), Creyghton, Y. (author), van Gulijk, C. (author), Oonk, H. (author), Maisuls, S. (author), TNO Wegtransportmiddelen (author)Plasma-assisted PM removal is examined in a packed-bed plasma system. This study focuses on the effect of plasma power, space velocity and exhaust gas composition on PM filtration. Experiments are done on an engine dynamometer with a VW 1.2l TDI engine. During these experiments, the airflow is throttled so large smoke levels are realized. Then,...conference paper 2003
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TNO BIBRA (author), Scotter, M.J. (author), Castle, L. (author), Massey, R.C. (author), Brantom, P.G. (author), Cunninghame, M.E. (author)Five food-grade mineral hydrocarbon (MHC) materials; a low melting point wax (LMPW), a synthetic wax (C80W) and three white oils (N15H, N70H and P70H) were administered orally to female Fischer-344 rats for 28 and 90 days at a dose level of 2% in the diet. Tissues were examined at autopsy for any treatment-related histopathological changes. The...article 2003
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Orlic, B. (author)Coupled flow-stress numerical models have been increasingly used in geomechanical studies for a better understanding and more accurate prediction of subsurface behaviour due to the extraction of hydrocarbons and geological storage of energy residues. Two application studies are described demonstrating various ways of integration of the flow...article 2003
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Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO (author), Verweij, J.M. (author), Simmelink, H.J. (author), van Balen, R.T. (author), David, P. (author)2D Basin modelling was used to evaluate the response of source rock maturation, and of petroleum expulsion, migration, accumulation and preservation to the evolution of the southern part of the inverted Broad Fourteens Basin. Modelling results show that the temperature, maturation and petroleum generation history as well as migration...article 2003
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Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO (author), Verweij, J.M. (author)Traditionally, geologists focussed their research on the solid part of the subsurface. Increasingly geoscientists are aware of the role of fluids in the structural, sedimentological, mineral and (bio)geochemical evolution of the Earth’s crust. Geofluids research focusses on fluid-related processes on geological timescales. It includes a wide...article 2003
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Hoekstra, E.J. (author), Duyzer, J.H. (author), de Leer, E.W.B. (author), Brinkman, U.A.Th. (author)Since we demonstrated the natural formation of chloroform in soil, the question arose to which extent this contributes to the chloroform present in the atmosphere. Concentration gradients in soil air and atmospheric air of different forests were measured. Chloroform concentration gradients indicating emission occur in forest soils and the...article 2001