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Akesso, L. (author), Pettitt, M.E. (author), Callow, J.A. (author), Callow, M.E. (author), Stallard, J. (author), Teer, D. (author), Liu, C. (author), Wang, S. (author), Zhao, Q. (author), D'Souza, F. (author), Willemsen, P.R. (author), Donnelly, G.T. (author), Donik, C. (author), Kocijan, A. (author), Jenko, M. (author), Jones, L.A. (author), Guinaldo, P.C. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)SiOx-like coatings were deposited on glass slides from a hexamethylsiloxane precursor by plasma-assisted CVD (PACVD). Surface energies (23.1-45.7 mJ m-1) were correlated with the degree of surface oxidation and hydrocarbon contents. Tapping mode AFM revealed a range of surface topologies with Ra values 1.55-3.16 nm and RMS roughness 1.96-4.11 nm...article 2009
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Orlic, B. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Two options for geological storage of CO2 are currently considered: storage in depleted hydrocarbon fields, which have a hydrocarbon proven seal, and storage in deep (>800m) saline aquifers, which lack such a seal. Pore pressure changes resulting from fluid extraction and subsequent CO2 injection into the reservoir induce stress changes that may...conference paper 2009
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Heinen, M.M. (author), Verhage, B.A.J. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Meat contains numerous carcinogens, such as heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and N-nitroso compounds, which can be derived either from natural food or during the process of food preparation. These carcinogens may increase pancreatic cancer risk. Furthermore, studies in animals showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids,...article 2009
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Verschuren, L. (author), van der Vries de Weij, J. (author), Zadelaar, A.S.M. (author), Kleemann, R. (author), Kooistra, T. (author)The aim of this study was to define the anti-atherosclerotic role of liver-X-receptors (LXRs) under lesion progressive and lesion regressive conditions, to establish a temporal line of events, and to gain insights into the mechanisms underlying the anti-atherogenic potency of LXRs. We used apoE*3Leiden (E3L) mice to comprehensively and time...article 2009
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van der Meer, L.G.H. (author), Yavuz, F. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Estimating the capacity of a geological formation to store CO2 is not a straightforward or simple process. Bradshaw [1] has recently listed various estimations for both regional and global CO2 storage capacity. The estimations were quoted as "very large" with ranges for the estimates in the order of 100 s to 10,000 s Gt of CO2. Clearly this work...article 2009
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Boot, M.D. (author), Luijten, C.C.M. (author), Rijk, E.P. (author), Albrecht, B.A. (author), Baert, R.S.G. (author)Early Direct Injection Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (EDI PCCI) is a widely researched combustion concept, which promises soot and CO2 emission levels of a spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engine, respectively. Application of this concept to a conventional CI engine using a conventional CI fuel faces a number of...conference paper 2009
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Staal, Y.C.M. (author), Pushparajah, D.S. (author), van Herwijnen, M.H.M. (author), Gottschalk, R.W.H. (author), Maas, L.M. (author), Ioannides, C. (author), van Schooten, F.J. (author), van Delft, J.H.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Although exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurs mostly through mixtures, hazard and risk assessment are mostly based on the effects caused by individual compounds. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether interactions between PAHs occur, focusing on gene expression (as measured by cDNA microarrays) and...article 2008
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van Wees, J.D. (author), Mijnlieff, H. (author), Lutgert, J. (author), Breunese, J. (author), Bos, C. (author), Rosenkranz, P. (author), Neele, F. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Prospect interdependencies, if present and positively correlated, result in a higher standard deviation of the portfolio volumetric expectation curve, compared to a portfolio with independent prospects. This wider uncertainty range offers options for companies to increase the expected cumulative net present value (NPV) of the exploration...article 2008
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Klaassen, R. (author), Feron, P.H.M. (author), Jansen, A. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)In a membrane contactor the membrane separation is completely integrated with an extraction or absorption operation in order to exploit the benefits of both technologies fully. Membrane contactor applications that have been developed can be found in both water and gas treatment. Several recently developed applications that have been introduced...article 2008
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Zvinavashe, E. (author), van den Berg, H. (author), Soffers, A.E.M.F. (author), Vervoort, J. (author), Freidig, A. (author), Murk, A.J. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models are expected to play a crucial role in reducing the number of animals to be used for toxicity testing resulting from the adoption of the new European Union chemical control system called Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH). The objective of the present study...article 2008
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Fokker, P.A. (author), Verga, F. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)We present a semianalytic method for modeling the productivity testing of vertical, horizontal, slanted, or multilateral wells. The method is applicable to both oil and gas reservoirs and automatically accounts for well interference. The use of analytic expressions ensures that short-time transient behavior and long-time semisteady-state...article 2008
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Nelskamp, S. (author), David, P. (author), Littke, R. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Sedimentary basins in The Netherlands contain significant amounts of hydrocarbon resources, which developed in response to temperature and pressure history during Mesozoic and Cenozoic times. Quantification and modelling of burial, maturity and temperature histories are the major goals of this study, allowing for a better understanding of the...article 2008
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Stierum, R. (author), Conesa, A. (author), Heijne, W. (author), Ommen, B.v. (author), Junker, K. (author), Scott, M.P. (author), Price, R.J. (author), Meredith, C. (author), Lake, B.G. (author), Groten, J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), KvL (author)Transcriptomics was performed to gain insight into mechanisms of food additives butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), curcumin (CC), propyl gallate (PG), and thiabendazole (TB), additives for which interactions in the liver can not be excluded. Additives were administered in diets for 28 days to Sprague-Dawley rats and cDNA microarray experiments were...article 2008
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Hissink, A.M. (author), Krüse, J. (author), Kulig, B.M. (author), Verwei, M. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Salmon, F. (author), Leenheers, L.H. (author), Owen, D.E. (author), Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), Freidig, A.P. (author), McKee, R.H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)As part of a project designed to develop a framework for extrapolating acute central nervous system (CNS) effects of hydrocarbon solvents in animals to humans, experimental studies were conducted in rats and human volunteers in which acute CNS effects were measured and toxicokinetic data were collected. A complex hydrocarbon solvent, white...article 2007
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Loftness, V. (author), Hakkinen, B. (author), Adan, O. (author), Nevalainen, A. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Background: The elements that contribute to a healthy building are multifactorial and can be discussed from different perspectives. Objectives: We present three viewpoints of designing a healthy building: the importance of sustainable development, the role of occupants for ensuring indoor air quality, and ongoing developments related to indoor...article 2007
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Egberts, P.J.P. (author), Fokker, P.A. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The vast amount of completion options Tor hydrocarbon reservoirs calls for fast productivity evaluation tools. We present a calculation method that can perform this task. It is a semi-analytical method that fully accounts for the 3D flow near the well. A superposition of analytical functions is tuned to approximate the boundary conditions by...conference paper 2007
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Penkett, S.A. (author), Burgess, R.A. (author), Coe, H. (author), Coll, I. (author), Hov, O. (author), Lindskog, A. (author), Schmidbauer, N. (author), Solberg, S. (author), Roemer, M. (author), Thijsse, T. (author), Beck, J. (author), Reeves, C.E. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The nitrate radical (NO3) was first measured in the atmosphere in the 1970s and suggestions were made that it could play a major role in oxidising many unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as those emitted from the biosphere. Analysis of the hydrocarbon mix over the North Atlantic Ocean suggested subsequently that the influence of NO3 radical...article 2007
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Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), Emmen, H.H. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Hoogendijk, E.M.G. (author), McKee, R.H. (author), Owen, D.E. (author), Kulig, B.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)To evaluate the neurobehavioral effects of hydrocarbon solvents and to establish a working model for extrapolating animal test data to humans, studies were conducted which involved inhalation exposure of rats and humans to white spirit (WS). The specific objectives of these studies were to evaluate the behavioral effects of exposure to WS in...article 2007
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Staal, Y.C.M. (author), Hebels, D.G.A.J. (author), van Herwijnen, M.H.M. (author), Gottschalk, R.W.H. (author), van Schooten, F.J. (author), van Delft, J.H.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) cover a wide range of structurally related compounds which differ greatly in their carcinogenic potency. PAH exposure usually occurs through mixtures rather than individual compounds. Therefore, we assessed whether the effects of binary PAH mixtures on gene expression, DNA adduct formation, apoptosis and...article 2007
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van den Brandt, P.A. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Diet has been hypothesized to play a role in the etiology of gastrointestinal cancer for a long time. Initially, strong evidence of such effects was found in retrospective epidemiological studies. Dietary habits, in particular those from the distant past, are difficult to measure, however. Results from recent, prospective and larger studies of...article 2006