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Effect of extrusion of canine diets on total and reactive lysine content

Lankhorst, C. (author), Tran, Q.D. (author), Havenaar, R. (author), Hendriks, W.H. (author), van der Poel, A.F.B. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

Commercially available dry dog foods are often manufactured using extrusion cooking. Normal extrusion conditions can promote Maillard reactions involving the amino acid lysine. This non-enzymatic browning reaction occurs between a carbonyl group and an amino group in a diet. This study investigated the influence of a number of extrusion...

article 2006

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cDNA array analysis of stress-induced gene expression in barley androgenesis

Maraschin, S.D.F. (author), Caspers, M. (author), Potokina, E. (author), Wülfert, F. (author), Graner, A. (author), Spaink, H.P. (author), Wang, M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

Different aspects of androgenesis induction have been studied in detail, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms associated with this developmental switch. We have employed macroarrays containing 1421 expressed sequence tags covering the early stages of barley zygotic embryogenesis to compare the gene expression profiles of stress...

article 2006

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Time-lapse tracking of barley androgenesis reveals position-determined cell death within pro-embryos

Maraschin, S.D.F. (author), Vennik, M. (author), Lamers, G.E.M. (author), Spaink, H.P. (author), Wang, M. (author)

Following abiotic stress to induce barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) androgenesis, the development of 794 enlarged microspores in culture was monitored by time-lapse tracking. In total, 11% of the microspores tracked developed into embryo-like structures (type-I pathway), 36% formed multicellular structures (type-II pathway) and 53% of the microspores...

article 2005

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Abscisic acid and 14-3-3 proteins control K* channel activity in barley embryonic root

TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), van den Wijngaard, P.W.J. (author), Sinnige, M.P. (author), Roobeek, I. (author), Reumer, A. (author), Schoonheim, P.J. (author), Mol, J.N.M. (author), Wang, M. (author), de Boer, A.H. (author)

Germination of seeds proceeds in general in two phases, an initial imbibition phase and a subsequent growth phase. In grasses like barley, the latter phase is evident as the emergence of the embryonic root (radicle). The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits germination because it prevents the embryo from entering and completing the growth phase....

article 2005

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Programmed cell death during the transition from multicellular structures to globular embryos in barley androgenesis

Maraschin, S.D.F. (author), Gaussand, G. (author), Pulido, A. (author), Olmedilla, A. (author), Lamers, G.E.M. (author), Korthout, H. (author), Spaink, H.P. (author), Wang, M. (author)

Androgenesis represents one of the most fascinating examples of cell differentiation in plants. In barley, the conversion of stressed uninucleate microspores into embryo-like structures is highly efficient. One of the bottlenecks in this process is the successful release of embryo-like structures out of the exine wall of microspores. In the...

article 2005

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Evaluation of the in vivo genetic toxicity of concentrated barley β-glucan

Delaney, B. (author), de Vogel, N. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)

Chemicals / CAS: corn oil, 8001-30-7; mitomycin C, 50-07-7, 74349-48-7; Glucans; Mutagens

article 2004

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Functional association between malting quality trait component and cDNA array based expression patterns in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Potokina, E. (author), Caspers, M. (author), Prasad, M. (author), Kota, R. (author), Zhang, H. (author), Sreenivasulu, N. (author), Wang, M. (author), Graner, A. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

We developed an approach for relating differences in gene expression to the phenotypic variation of a trait of interest. This allows the identification of candidate genes for traits that display quantitative variation. To validate the principle, gene expression was monitored on a cDNA array with 1400 ESTs to identify genes involved in the...

article 2004

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Repeated dose oral toxicological evaluation of concentrated barley β-glucan in CD-1 mice including a recovery phase

Delaney, B. (author), Carlson, T. (author), Zheng, G.-H. (author), Hess, R. (author), Knutson, N. (author), Frazer, S. (author), Ostergren, K. (author), van Zijverden, M. (author), Knippels, L. (author), Jonker, D. (author), Penninks, A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)

The cholesterol-lowering effect observed following consumption of oats and barley is attributable to the β-glucan component of the soluble fiber fraction of these cereal grains. β-Glucan has also been reported to modulate immune activity, however, few studies have evaluated the hematological effects of β-glucan following oral exposure. In the...

article 2003

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14-3-3 Isoforms and pattern formation during barley microspore embryogenesis

de Maraschin, S. (author), Lamers, G.E.M. (author), de Pater, B.S. (author), Spaink, H.P. (author), Wang, M. (author)

The members of the 14-3-3 isoform family have been shown to be developmentally regulated during animal embryogenesis, where they take part in cell differentiation processes. 14-3-3 isoform-specific expression patterns were studied in plant embryogenic processes, using barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) microspore embryogenesis as a model system. After...

article 2003

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Tissue-specific expression of 14-3-3 isoforms during barley microspore and zygotic embryogenesis

Maraschin, S.D.F. (author), Louwerse, J.D. (author), Lamers, G.E.M. (author), Spaink, H.P. (author), Wang, M. (author)

Conserved 14-3-3 proteins have been shown to play regulatory roles in eukaryotic cells, including cell cycle control and differentiation. We were interested in the possible involvement of 14-3-3 proteins in the embryogenic process of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Barley microspore-derived embryo development was used as a model system....

article 2003

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Evaluation of the toxicity of concentrated barley β-glucan in a 28-day feeding study in Wistar rats

Delaney, B. (author), Carlson, T. (author), Frazer, S. (author), Zheng, T. (author), Hess, R. (author), Ostergren, K. (author), Kierzek, K. (author), Haworth, J. (author), Knutson, N. (author), Junker, K. (author), Jonker, D. (author), TNO Voeding (author)

β-Glucans are water-soluble cell-wall polysaccharides consisting of (1→3,1→4)-linked β-D-glucopyranosyl monomers that comprise a considerable proportion of soluble fiber from certain grains including oats and barley. Consumption of foods containing β-glucan or β-glucan-enriched fractions prepared from these grains lower serum cholesterol...

article 2003

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The effect of cellulose crystallinity on the in vitro digestibility and fermentation kinetics of meadow hay and barley, wheat and rice straws

ID-TNO, Animal Nutrition (author), Rodrigues, M.A.M. (author), Cone, J.W. (author), van Gelder, A.H. (author), Sequeira, J.C. (author), Fonseca, A.M. (author), Ferreira, L.M.M. (author), Sequeira, C.A. (author)

The effect of cellulose crystallinity on in vitro digestibility (IVD) and fermentation kinetics was investigated in samples of meadow hay and barley, wheat and rice straws. A saturated solution of potassium permanganate was used to isolate the celluloses, and their crystallinity was evaluated in a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer as the...

article 2003

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A tormentor in the quest for plant p53-like proteins

Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author), Korthout, H.A.A.J (author), Caspers, M.P.M (author), Kottenhagen, M.J. (author), Helmer, Q. (author), Wang, M. (author)

Over the past few years the presence of p53-like proteins in plants was frequently reported, by using the monoclonal antibody Pab240. By means of protein purification and screening a cDNA library, a Pab240 cross-reacting protein and a cDNA clone were isolated from barley. Peptide- and DNA-sequence analysis identified one and the same protein: 2...

article 2002

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Synthesis, processing and export of cytoplasmic endo-ß-1,4-xylanase from barley aleurone during germination

Caspers, M.P.M. (author), Lok, F. (author), Sinjorgo, K.M.C. (author), van Zeijl, M. (author), Nielsen, K.A. (author), Cameron-Mills, V. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

We have identified the major endo-β-l,4-xylanase (XYN-1) in the aleurone of germinating barley grain, and show that it is expressed as a precursor of Mr 61 500 with both N- and C-terminal propeptides. XYN-1 is synthesized as an inactive enzyme in the cytoplasm, and only becomes active at a late stage of germination when the aleurone ceases to...

article 2001

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Effects of fusicoccin and gibberellic acid on the germination of embryos from dormant barley grains: Roles of starch degradation and external pH

van der Meulen, R.M. (author), Lamers, G.E.M. (author), Caspers, M.P.M. (author), Heistek, J.C. (author), de Boer, A.H. (author), van Duijn, B. (author), Wang, M. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author)

In isolated embryos from dormant barley grains, synergistic effects of fusicoccin (FC) and gibberellic acid (GA3) were observed on the induction of α-amylase mRNA expression. However, no α-amylase mRNA expression could be induced by both agents in embryos from non-dormant grains. Both light- and electron-microscopy studies demonstrated that...

article 2000

document

14-3-3 Proteins and a 13-lipoxygenase form associations in a phosphorylation-dependent manner

Holtman, W.L. (author), Roberts, M.R. (author), Wang, M. (author)

Recently, we have demonstrated by two different methods that lipoxgenases (LOXs) and 14-3-3 proteins form interactions in barley embryos [Holtman, Roberts, Oppedijk, Testerink, van Zeijl and Wang (2000) FEBS Lett. 474, 48-52]. It was shown by both co-immunoprecipitations and surface-plasmon resonance experiments that 13-LOX, but not 9-LOX, forms...

article 2000

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14-3-3 proteins interact with a 13-lipoxygenase, but not with a 9-lipoxygenase

Holtman, W.L. (author), Roberts, M.R. (author), Oppedijk, B.J. (author), Testerink, C. (author), van Zeijl, M.J. (author), Wang, M. (author)

Associations between lipoxygenases (Lox) and 14-3-3 proteins were demonstrated by two different methods. First, immunoprecipitation experiments, using isoenzyme-specific monoclonal Lox antibodies, showed that 14-3-3 proteins co-precipitate with 13-Lox, but not with the 9-Lox from barley. Second, interactions between 13-Lox and 14-3-3 were...

article 2000

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Subcellular differences in post-translational modification of barley 14-3-3 proteins

van Zeijl, M.J. (author), Testerink, C. (author), Kijne, J.W. (author), Wang, M. (author)

Expression and post-translational modification of barley 14-3-3 isoforms, 14-3-3A, 14-3-3B and 14-3-3C, were investigated using isoform-specific antibodies. Although all three isoforms were shown to be present in the cytosolic, the nuclear and the microsomal cell fractions, differences in post-translational modification were identified for the...

article 2000

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The presence and subcellular localization of caspase 3-like proteinases in plant cells

Gaubius Instituut TNO (author), Korthout, H.A.A.J. (author), Berecki, G. (author), Bruin, W. (author), van Duijn, B. (author), Wang, M. (author)

Caspases play a very important role in initiating and executing apoptotic processes in animal cells. In this study we show that plant mitochondria were able to initiate the activation of caspase 3 in a Xenopus cell free system. Caspase 3-like activity was found to be present in plant cells and could only be inhibited by the specific caspase 3...

article 2000

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Molecular characterization of two lipoxygenases from barley

van Mechelen, J.R. (author), Schuurink, R.C. (author), Smits, M. (author), Graner, A. (author), Douma, A.C. (author), Sedee, N.J.A. (author), Schmitt, N.F. (author), Valk, B.E. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

Two full-length lipoxygenase cDNA sequences (LoxB and LoxC) from barley (Hordeum distichum cv. L. Triumph) are described. The cDNAs share high homology with the barley LoxA cDNA. Southern blotting experiments indicate single copy numbers of the three lipoxygenase genes. RFLP mapping revealed the presence of single lipoxygenase loci. LoxA and...

article 1999