Diagnosis and dosimetry of exposure to sulfur mustard: Development of a standard operating procedure for hemoglobin adducts: Exploratory research on albumin and keratin adducts

A standard operating procedure (SOP) for determination of the sulfur mustard adduct to the N-terminal valine in hemoglobin was developed. By using this SOP, it was found that the Nterminal valine adduct in globin of hairless guinea pigs and marmosets which had been exposed to sulfur mustard (0.5 LD50) is persistent for at least 56 and 94 days,...

The influence of improved glycaemic control with insulin and sulphonylureas on acute phase and endothelial markers in Type II diabetic subjects

Aims/hypothesis. Improved glycaemic control might reduce both microvascular and macrovascular complications of Type II diabetes (non-insulin-dependent) mellitus. To explore such possible mechanisms, we investigated the effects of intensive treatment on markers of endothelial dysfunction and of acute phase activation, using both sulphonylureas...

Kwaliteit van leven bij kinderen met sikkelcelziekte in de regio Amsterdam [Quality of life of children with sickle cell disease in the Amsterdam area]

Objective. To determine the differences in quality of life between children with sickle cell disease and healthy immigrant children. Design. Descriptive, comparative. Method. The quality of life of children with sickle cell disease between 5 and 15 years old being treated in the Emma Children's Hospital AMC in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, was...

Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein is increased in Type I diabetic patients without clinical macroangiopathy and correlates with markers of endothelial dysfunction: Evidence for chronic inflammation

Moderately increased plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, C-reactive protein, its relation to a low degree of inflammatory activation and its association with activation of the endothelium have not been systematically investigated in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes...

L-sorbose but not D-tagatose induces hemolysis of dog erythrocytes in vitro

Previous investigations have demonstrated that L-sorbose induces hemolysis of dog erythrocytes. This effect is probably the consequence of an ATP depletion of the red blood cells subsequent to inhibition of hexokinase, and thus the glycolytic pathway, by sorbose 1-phosphate. In the present study, the susceptibility of dog erythrocytes to D...

Distinct associations of HbA(1c) and the urinary excretion of pentosidine, an advanced glycosylation end-product, with markers of endothelial function in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Dysfunction of the vascular endothelium is considered an early step in the development of diabetic angiopathy. Hyperglycaemia results in endothelial dysfunction, both through direct effects of glucose and through formation of advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs). We hypothesized that the effects of glucose and AGEs on endothelial function...

Basic matrices in the analysis of non-covalent complexes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

A number of potential matrix candidates were investigated with regard to the importance of the pH in the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI/MS) analysis of non-covalently bound protein complexes. The matrices examined were 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), 4-hydroxy-α-cyanocinnamic acid (HCCA), 2-aminonicotinic...

Short-term oestrogen replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, lipids and fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women with NIDDM

Oestrogen replacement therapy is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. Patients with non-insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) have an increased cardiovascular risk. However, oestrogen replacement therapy is only reluctantly prescribed for patients with NIDDM. In a double blind randomized...

Effect of 17β-estradiol on plasma lipids and LDL oxidation in postmenopausal women with type II diabetes mellitus

In type II diabetes mellitus the altered hormonal state after menopause may represent an additional cardiovascular risk factor. Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is associated with a decreased cardiovascular risk, at least in nondiabetic post-menopausal women. We studied the effect of ERT on plasma lipids and lipoproteins and on LDL oxidation...

Characterization of sulfur mustard induced structural modifications in human hemoglobin by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

In this paper we describe the use of tandem mass spectrometry to identify modified sites in human hemoglobin after in vitro exposure to bis(2- chloroethyl) sulfide (sulfur mustard). Globin isolated from human whole blood which had been exposed to sulfur mustard was degraded with trypsin, and the digests were analyzed by micro LC/MS. Alkylated...

4-Week oral toxicity study of a combination of eight chemicals in rats: comparison with the toxicity of the individual compounds

In a 4-wk oral toxicity study, 4-wk-old male and female Wistar rats were exposed to a combination of arbitrarily chosen chemicals comprising sodium metabisulphite, Mirex, Loperamide, metaldehyde, di-n-octyltin dichloride, stannous chloride, lysinoalanine and potassium nitrite. The dose levels used were based on the 'no-observed-adverse-effect...

A medium for the detection of bacteria causing green discolouration of cooked cured meat products

A cooked haemoglobin medium was developed for the detection of hydrogen-peroxide-producing bacteria. The composition and preparation of this medium are described. The medium has proved to be an adequate medium for diagnosis of the greening of cooked cured meat products caused by hydrogen-peroxide-producing lactic acid bacteria.

Effects of feeding stannous chloride on different parts of the gastrointestinal tract of the rat

The effects of feeding inorganic tin on the gastrointestinal tract were examined in rats. Three groups of male weanling Wistar rats were fed a diet to which 0, 250, or 500 ppm Sn2+ had been added as SnCl2. A fourth group was subjected to feed restriction by pair feeding with the 500-ppm group. Comparison of the data from the tin-fed groups with...

Short term inhalation toxicity studies with peroxyacetyl nitrate in rats

The inhalation toxicity of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) was examined in acute (single exposure), subacute (4-wk repeated exposure) and subchronic (13-wk repeated exposure) studies in rats. The 4-hr LC50 was found to be 95 ppm. In the 4-wk study rats were exposed to 0, 0.9, 4.1 or 11.8 ppm PAN vapor for 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk. Exposure to 11.8 ppm...

Safety evaluation of yeast grown on hydrocarbons. II: One-year feeding study in rats with yeast grown on pure n-paraffins

Yeast grown on hydrocarbons according to the n-paraffin process of The British Petroleum Company Ltd. was fed to groups of male and female rats at dietary levels of 10, 20 and 30% for 1 yr. Two control diets were used, one being similar to the yeast diet but with soya-bean meal substituted for yeast and the other being the institute's stock diet...